Unitary matrix models and 2D quantum gravity

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Abstract: The KdV and modified KdV integrable hierarchies are shown to be different descriptions of the same 2D gravitational system -- open-closed string theory. Non-perturbative solutions of the multi-critical unitary matrix models map to non-singular solutions of the `renormalisation group' equation for the string susceptibility, [ildeP,Q]=Q. We also demonstrate that the large N solutions of unitary matrix integrals in external fields, studied by Gross and Newman, equal the non-singular pure closed-string solutions of [ildeP,Q]=Q.













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