Universal angular probability distribution of three particles near zero-energy threshold

Three-body problems (70F07) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Nuclear physics (81V35)

Abstract: We study bound states of a 3--particle system in

m a t h b b R^{3}

described by the Hamiltonian

H (l a m b d a_{n}) = H_{0} + v_{12} + l a m b d a_{n} (v_{13} + v_{23})

, where the particle pair

1, 2

has a zero energy resonance and no bound states, while other particle pairs have neither bound states nor zero energy resonances. It is assumed that for a converging sequence of coupling constants

l a m b d a_{n} o l a m b d a_{c r}

the Hamiltonian

H (l a m b d a_{n})

has a sequence of levels with negative energies

E_{n}

and wave functions

p s i_{n}

, where the sequence

p s i_{n}

totally spreads in the sense that

l i m_{n o i n f t y} i n t_{| z e t a | l e q R} | p s i_{n} (z e t a) |^{2} d z e t a = 0

for all

R > 0

. We prove that for large

n

the angular probability distribution of three particles determined by

p s i_{n}

approaches the universal analytical expression, which does not depend on pair--interactions. The result has applications in Efimov physics and in the physics of halo nuclei.

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