Universal objects in categories of reproducing kernels

Definitions and generalizations in theory of categories (18A05) Hilbert spaces with reproducing kernels (= (proper) functional Hilbert spaces, including de Branges-Rovnyak and other structured spaces) (46E22) General theory of (C^*)-algebras (46L05) Linear operators in reproducing-kernel Hilbert spaces (including de Branges, de Branges-Rovnyak, and other structured spaces) (47B32) Questions of holomorphy and infinite-dimensional manifolds (58B12)

Abstract: We continue our earlier investigation on generalized reproducing kernels, in connection with the complex geometry of

C^{*}

- algebra representations, by looking at them as the objects of an appropriate category. Thus the correspondence between reproducing

(- *)

-kernels and the associated Hilbert spaces of sections of vector bundles is made into a functor. We construct reproducing

(- *)

-kernels with universality properties with respect to the operation of pull-back. We show how completely positive maps can be regarded as pull-backs of universal ones linked to the tautological bundle over the Grassmann manifold of the Hilbert space

e l l^{2} (m a t h b b N)

.

Review text

In [Adv. Math. 208, no. 1, 299--317 (2007; Zbl 1108.22008)], \textit{D. Beltiţă} and \textit{T. S. Ratiu} obtained geometric realizations of GNS-representations of unitary groups of \(C^*\)-algebras, in the spirit of the Bott-Borel-Weil Theorem. The required Hilbert spaces of sections were constructed using the tool of reproducing kernels on infinite-dimensional vector bundles. To enable generalizations to further groups, a new kind of reproducing kernels on complex vector bundles was developed in a previous work of the authors, [J. Funct. Anal. 255, 2888--2932 (2008; Zbl 1166.22012)]. For a real Banach manifold \(Z\), together with an involutive diffeomorphism \(Z\to Z\), they introduced the concept of a Hermitian-like structure on a vector bundle \(\Pi\) over the base \(Z\) (whose fiber is a complex Banach space). A reproducing kernel is a section \(K\) of the vector bundle \(\text{Hom}(p_2^*\Pi,p_1^*\Pi)\to Z\times Z\) which satisfies a certain positivity condition (where \(p_1,p_2: Z\times Z\to Z\) are the projections onto the components). In the article under review, the authors introduce a category whose objects are the reproducing kernels in the preceding sense (Definition 2.4), and explain that the passage to the corresponding reproducing kernel Hilbert space of sections \({\mathcal H}_K\) can be considered as a functor to the category of complex Hilbert spaces and bounded operators (Definition 2.6; cf. [\textit{A. Odzijewicz}, Commun. Math. Phys. 150, 385--413 (1992; Zbl 0768.58022)] for the finite-dimensional case). If \({\mathcal H}\) is a complex Hilbert space, then the set \(\text{Gr}({\mathcal H})\) of all closed vector subspaces of \({\mathcal H}\) is a complex Banach manifold (the Grassmannian manifold of \({\mathcal H}\)), and \({\mathcal T}({\mathcal H}):=\{(S,x)\in \text{Gr}({\mathcal H})\times{\mathcal H}: x\in S\}\) is a Hermitian vector bundle over the base \(\text{Gr}({\mathcal H})\) (via the projection onto the first factor), the so-called tautological bundle. This vector bundle supports a reproducing kernel of particular interest: For \(S\in \text{Gr}({\mathcal H})\), let \(p_S: {\mathcal H}\to{\mathcal S}\) be the orthogonal projection. Then \(Q_{\mathcal H}(S_1,S_2):=p_{S_1}|_{S_2}\) defines the so-called universal reproducing kernel associated with \({\mathcal H}\). The authors study how general reproducing kernels can be obtained as pullbacks of universal reproducing kernels (Section 5). Applications include completely positive maps on \(C^*\)-algebras, which again can be realized as pullbacks of universal objects (see Proposition 6.4 and the following remarks).

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