Vector-valued local approximation spaces

Approximation by polynomials (41A10) Maximal functions, Littlewood-Paley theory (42B25) Local theory of Banach spaces (46B07) Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35) Martingales and classical analysis (60G46)

Abstract: We prove that for every Banach space

Y

, the Besov spaces of functions from the

n

-dimensional Euclidean space to

Y

agree with suitable local approximation spaces with equivalent norms. In addition, we prove that the Sobolev spaces of type

q

are continuously embedded in the Besov spaces of the same type if and only if

Y

has martingale cotype

q

. We interpret this as an extension of earlier results of Xu (1998), and Mart'inez, Torrea and Xu (2006). These two results combined give the characterization that

Y

admits an equivalent norm with modulus of convexity of power type

q

if and only if weakly differentiable functions have good local approximations with polynomials.

Review text

The authors consider several spaces, namely Besov-type spaces \(B^{sM}_{pq}\), local approximation spaces \(A^{sN}_{pq}\) and Sobolev-type spaces \(W^{k,q}\), of vector-valued functions \(f: \mathbb R^n\to Y\) where \(Y\) is a Banach space. The aim of the paper is to analyze the embeddings between those spaces depending on the geometric properties of \(Y\). They, for each \(p,q\in [1,\infty]\), \(s\in \mathbb R\) and \(M>s/2\), define the (homogeneous) Besov norm by \[ [f]_{B^{sM}_{pq}} = \Bigg(\int_0^\infty t^{(M-s/2)q} \|T_t^{(M)}f\|_{L^p(\mathbb R^n, Y)}^q\frac{dt}{t}\Bigg)^{1/q}, \] where \(T_t=e^{\Delta t}\) is the heat semigroup and \(T^{(M)}_tf=\partial_t^M T_t f=\Delta ^M T_t f\). Also, for each \(s>0\) and \(N\in \mathbb N\), the (homogeneous) local approximation norm is given by \[ [f]_{A^{sN}_{pq}} = \Bigg(\int_0^\infty t^{-sq} \Big\| \inf_{\deg(P)\le N} \Big(\frac{1}{|B(x,t)|}\int_{B(x,t)} \|f(y)-P(y)\|^p_Y dy\Big)^{1/p}\Big\|_{L^p(\mathbb R^n)}^q \frac{dt}{t}\Bigg)^{1/q}, \] where the infimum is taken over of polynomials \(P\) such that \(\deg(P)\le N\). The corresponding spaces \(B^{sM}_{pq}\) and \(A^{sN}_{pq}\) consist of functions in \(L^p(\mathbb R^n, Y)\) and the norm is defined adding \(\|f\|_{L^p}\) to the above quantities. The authors also consider the non-homogeneous Sobolev norm given, for each \(k\in \mathbb N\) and \(q\ge 1\), by \[ \|f\|_{W^{k,q}}=\sum_{0\le |\alpha|\le k} \|\partial_x^\alpha f\|_{L^q(\mathbb R^n, Y)}. \] One of their results establishes that, for \(M>s/2\) and \(N>s-1\), the norms \(\|f\|_{A^{sN}_{pq}}\) and \(\|f\|_{B^{sM}_{pq}}\) are equivalent. The authors get a nice connection between the embedding of the Sobolev spaces into Besov or local approximation spaces in the vector-valued setting and some geometric properties of the space \(Y\). Namely, they show that, for \(k\), \(n\ge 1\), \(N\ge k\) integers, \(Y\) admits an equivalent norm with modulus of convexity of power type \(q\) if and only if \(\|f\|_{A^{kN}_{q q}}\le C \|f\|_{W^{k,q}}\) for all \(f\in W^{k,q}(\mathbb R^n, Y)\). The above result uses the fact that the embedding \(W^{k,q}(\mathbb R^n, Y)\subset B^{kM}_{qq}(\mathbb R^n,Y)\) for \(q\ge 2\) is equivalent to the fact that \(Y\) has martingale cotype \(q\). The proofs for the results rely also on the equivalence proved by \textit{G. Pisier} [Isr. J. Math. 20, 326--350 (1975; Zbl 0344.46030)] and uses also the result by \textit{T. Martínez} et al. [Adv. Math. 203, No. 2, 430--475 (2006; Zbl 1111.46008)] relating the embedding between \(L^q(\mathbb R^n, Y)\) and \(B^0_{qq}(\mathbb R^n, Y)\) with martingale cotype \(q\).

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