Virtual biquandles

DOI10.4064/FM188-0-6MaRDI QIDQ3375498zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Louis Kauffman, V. O. Manturov

Publication date 14 March 2006

Published in Fundamenta Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0411243

zbMATH Keywords

generalized Alexander polynomialquandlevirtual knot

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Abstract: In the present paper, we describe new approaches for constructing virtual knot invariants. The main background of this paper comes from formulating and bringing together the ideas of biquandle (Kauffman and Radford) the virtual quandle (Manturov), the ideas of quaternion biquandles by Roger Fenn and Andrew Bartholomew, the concepts and properties of long virtual knots (Manturov), and other ideas in the interface between classical and virtual knot theory. In the present paper we present a new algebraic construction of virtual knot invariants, give various presentations of it, and study several examples. Several conjectures and unsolved problems are presented throughout the paper.

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Cited in

(47)

• On symplectic quandles
• Virtual quandle for links in Lens spaces
• Virtual links with finite medial bikei
• Biquandles and virtual links
• The topological biquandle of a link
• Symbolic computation with finite biquandles
• The quandles with two operations
• Signed ordered knotlike quandle presentations
• Minimal surface representations of virtual knots and links
• Multi-switches and virtual knot invariants
• Bikei invariants and Gauss diagrams for virtual knotted surfaces
• Birack shadow modules and their link invariants
• Virtual shadow modules and their link invariants
• Quotient quandles and the fundamental Latin Alexander quandle
• Virtual Yang-Baxter cocycle invariants
• Yang-Baxter deformations and rack cohomology.
• BIQUANDLES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO VIRTUAL KNOTS AND LINKS
• QUATERNION ALGEBRAS AND INVARIANTS OF VIRTUAL KNOTS AND LINKS II: THE HYPERBOLIC CASE
• Compact and long virtual knots
• AN ISOMORPHISM THEOREM FOR ALEXANDER BIQUANDLES
• On a generalization of the Alexander polynomial for long virtual knots
• An extended bracket polynomial for virtual knots and links
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1963530 (Why is no real title available?)
• Parity in knot theory and graph-links
• Symmetric enhancements of involutory virtual birack counting invariants
• Biquandles with structures related to virtual links and twisted links
• Introduction to virtual knot theory
• Markov theorem for free links
• Polynomial knot and link invariants from the virtual biquandle
• The chord index, its definitions, applications, and generalizations
• Virtual index cocycles and invariants of virtual links
• Picture-valued parity-biquandle bracket
• Constructing biquandles
• Bowling ball representation of virtual string links
• A VIRTUAL LINK POLYNOMIAL AND THE VIRTUAL CROSSING NUMBER
• Virtual tribrackets
• BIQUANDLES FOR VIRTUAL KNOTS
• BIQUANDLE LONGITUDE INVARIANT OF LONG VIRTUAL KNOTS
• Graphical constructions for the sl(3), C₂ and G₂ invariants for virtual knots, virtual braids and free knots
• The state-sum invariants for virtual knots
• MC-biquandles and MC-biquandle coloring quivers
• Enumeration of virtual quandles up to isomorphism
• Twisted Yang-Baxter sets, cohomology theory, and application to knots
• Bridging colorings of virtual links from virtual biquandles to biquandles
• Coloring invariants for links in _g S^1
• Virtual knots and infinite-dimensional Lie algebras
• Algebraic invariants of multi-virtual links

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