Virtual knot theory
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Abstract: Virtual knot theory is a generalization (discovered by the author in 1996) of knot theory to the study of all oriented Gauss codes. (Classical knot theory is a study of planar Gauss codes.) Graph theory studies non-planar graphs via graphical diagrams with virtual crossings. Virtual knot theory studies non-planar Gauss codes via knot diagrams with virtual crossings. This paper gives basic results and examples (such as non-trivial virtual knots with trivial Jones polynomial), studies fundamental group and quandles of virtual knots, extensions of the bracket and Jones polynomials, quantum link invariants with virtual framings, Vassiliev invariants and applications to knots in thickened surfaces.
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Cites work
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 50650 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3606473 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1265044 (Why is no real title available?)
- RACKS AND LINKS IN CODIMENSION TWO
- State models and the Jones polynomial
- The braid-permutation group
Cited in
(only showing first 100 items - show all)- On the Pure Virtual Braid GroupPV3
- RNA-guided DNA assembly
- PARITY, SKEIN POLYNOMIALS AND CATEGORIFICATION
- A BRACKET POLYNOMIAL FOR GRAPHS, II: LINKS, EULER CIRCUITS AND MARKED GRAPHS
- Band-passes and long virtual knot concordance
- A multivariable polynomial invariant of virtual links and cut systems
- A virtual knot whose virtual unknotting number equals one and a sequence of n-writhes
- Wirtinger numbers for virtual links
- New presentations of a link and virtual link
- Asymptotic laws for random knot diagrams
- Some generalizations of Satoh's Tube map
- Tied monoids
- On polynomial invariants of virtual links
- Conversion to almost classical virtual links and pseudo Goeritz matrices
- The center of the virtual braid group is trivial
- On knots with no 3-state
- A method of encoding generalized link diagrams
- Virtual covers of links II
- The chord index, its definitions, applications, and generalizations
- Commutator subgroups of welded braid groups
- Characterization of signed Gauss paragraphs and skew-symmetric graded matrices
- On Gauss codes of virtual doodles
- Automata on Gauss Words
- An index definition of parity mappings of a virtual link diagram and Vassiliev invariants of degree one
- Alexander and Markov theorems for generalized knots, II generalized braids
- Free knots and groups
- Virtual braid groups of type \(B\) and weak categorification.
- A categorical structure for the virtual braid group
- Finite type invariants of nanowords and nanophrases
- PERSISTENT INVARIANTS OF TANGLES
- THISTLETHWAITE'S THEOREM FOR VIRTUAL LINKS
- Bracket structures and virtual knots
- Unoriented Khovanov homology
- Chord index for knots in thickened surfaces
- GENERA AND PERIODICITY OF VIRTUAL KNOTS AND LINKS
- Polynomial invariants for virtual knots via virtualization moves
- A categorical model for the virtual braid group
- Enumeration of rooted 4-regular maps without planar loops
- Diassociative algebras and Milnor's invariants for tangles
- A geometric invariant of virtual \(n\)-links
- Kaestner brackets
- A Turaev surface approach to Khovanov homology
- Classification of prime virtual links of genus 1 with at most 4 classical crossings
- Representation stability for the pure cactus group
- Varieties of representations of virtual knot groups in \(SL_2(\mathbb C)\)
- Periodic virtual links and the binary bracket polynomial
- BIQUANDLES FOR VIRTUAL KNOTS
- Gauss diagram formulae for Vassiliev invariants from Kauffman polynomial
- Parity functors
- Arrow ribbon graphs
- ON COLORED QUANDLE LONGITUDES AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO TANGLE EMBEDDINGS AND VIRTUAL KNOTS
- Virtual index cocycles and invariants of virtual links
- The affine index polynomial invariant of flat virtual knots
- A lower bound for the crossing number of links in thickened surfaces
- The generalized Yamada polynomials of virtual spatial graphs
- Polynomial invariants and quandles of twisted links
- Commutator subgroups and crystallographic quotients of virtual extensions of symmetric groups
- Cobordisms of free knots
- Arc shift number and region arc shift number for virtual knots
- Index polynomial invariant of virtual links
- New invariants for virtual knots via spanning surfaces
- Graphical constructions for the sl(3), \(C_2\) and \(G_2\) invariants for virtual knots, virtual braids and free knots
- On traces of tensor representations of diagrams
- Mirror-curves and knot mosaics
- Combinatorial properties of virtual braids.
- The virtual spectrum of linkoids and open curves in 3-space
- The polynomials of prime virtual knots of genus 1 and complexity at most 5
- A MULTI-VARIABLE POLYNOMIAL INVARIANT FOR UNORIENTED VIRTUAL KNOTS AND LINKS
- VIRTUAL KNOT DIAGRAMS AND THE WITTEN–RESHETIKHIN–TURAEV INVARIANT
- Virtual knot theory–-unsolved problems
- Injective labeled oriented trees are aspherical
- ALEXANDER GROUPS OF LONG VIRTUAL KNOTS
- From chord parity to chord index
- Virtual mosaic knot theory
- A graphical construction of the sl(3) invariant for virtual knots
- Knot groups and residual nilpotence
- Representations of virtual braids by automorphisms and virtual knot groups
- On the crossing numbers of a virtual knot
- MAGNETIC GRAPHS AND AN INVARIANT FOR VIRTUAL LINKS
- Virtual Seifert surfaces
- The intersection polynomials of a virtual knot I: Definitions and calculations
- Virtual and universal braid groups, their quotients and representations
- Ribbon torus knots presented by virtual knots with up to four crossings
- Doodles and commutator identities
- ON EXTENDED INVARIANTS OF VIRTUAL PSEUDO PRIME KNOTS
- Arrow calculus for welded and classical links
- Extensions of some classical local moves on knot diagrams
- THE VIRTUAL MAGNETIC KAUFFMAN BRACKET SKEIN MODULE AND SKEIN RELATIONS FOR THE f-POLYNOMIAL
- THE PARITY WRITHE POLYNOMIALS FOR VIRTUAL KNOTS AND FLAT VIRTUAL KNOTS
- Virtual tangles and fiber functors
- Lectures on topology of words
- Crossing changes, delta moves and sharp moves on welded knots
- Reidemeister moves and a polynomial of virtual knot diagrams
- On the realization of double occurrence words
- ABSTRACT LINK DIAGRAMS AND VIRTUAL KNOTS
- An algorithm for generating a family of alternating knots
- A MULTI-VARIABLE POLYNOMIAL INVARIANT FOR VIRTUAL KNOTS AND LINKS
- A Markov's theorem for extended welded braids and links
- An interpretation of multi-component curves and links in terms of single component words
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1559300 (Why is no real title available?)
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