On bijections, isometries and expansive maps (Q267510): Difference between revisions

The aim of the paper under review is to show when a bijection on a set \(X\) can be made either an isometry or an expansive map by a non-discrete metric on \(X\). Let \(T\) be a self-map on a metric space \((X,d)\). Recall that \(T\) is called an isometry if it is a distance-preserving bijection, while \(T\) is said to be expansive if it is a homeomorphism satisfying the following property: there is a \(\delta >0\), called expansivity constant for \(T\), such that for every pair \(x, y\) of distinct points of \(X\) we have \(d(T^n(x), T^n(y))\geqslant \delta\) for some \(n\in \mathbb{Z}\). Let \(T: X\rightarrow X\) be a bijection and \(x\in X\). The (full) orbit of \(x\) (under \(T\)) is the set \(O(x)=O(x, T)=\{T^n(x): n\in \mathbb{Z}\}\). The cardinality of a finite orbit \(O(x)\) will be called the length of \(O(x)\) and \(x\) will be called a periodic point of minimal period \(|O(x)|\). The authors obtain the following results. Theorem 1. Let \(T\) be a bijection on a set \(X\). There is a non-discrete metric \(d\) on \(X\) with respect to which \(T\) is an isometry if and only if one of the following holds. (1) There is an infinite orbit. (2) For some \(p\in \mathbb{N}\): (i) there is an orbit of length \(p\), (ii) there are infinitely many orbits whose length is a multiple of \(p\). Theorem 2. Let \(T\) be a bijection on a set \(X\). There is a non-discrete metric \(d\) on \(X\) with respect to which \(T\) is expansive if and only if one of the following holds. (1) There is an infinite orbit. (2) All points are periodic and the set of minimal periods is infinite. Recall that a self-map \(f\) on a metric space \((X, d)\) is called biLipschitz if there is some \(L\) such that \(\frac{1}{L}d(x, y)\leqslant d(f(x), f(y))\leqslant Ld(x, y)\) for every \(x, y \in X\). Corollary. Let \(T\) be a bijection on an infinite set \(X\). Then there is always a non-discrete metric on \(X\) with respect to which \(T\) is biLipschitz.