Invariant \(\varphi\)-means for abstract Segal algebras related to locally compact groups (Q668960): Difference between revisions

Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a Banach algebra, let $\Delta(\mathcal{A})$ consist of all non-zero characters on $\mathcal{A}$, and let $X$ be a Banach $\mathcal{A}$-bimodule. A derivation from $\mathcal{A}$ into $X$ is a linear map $D : \mathcal{A} \rightarrow X$ such that $D(ab) = a \cdot D(b) + D(a) \cdot b$ for all $a, b \in \mathcal{A}$. The map $\text{ad}_x:\mathcal{A}\rightarrow X$ defined by $\text{ad}_x(a)=a\cdot x-x\cdot a$ is a derivation for all $a\in \mathcal{A}$ and $x\in X$. Such derivations are called inner derivations. The algebra $\mathcal{A}$ is amenable if every continuous derivation $D:\mathcal{A}\rightarrow X^*$ is inner for each Banach $\mathcal{A}$-bimodule $X$. Furthermore, if $\varphi\in \Delta(\mathcal{A})$ then a $\varphi$-diagonal for $\mathcal{A}$ is an element $\mathbf{m} \in \mathcal{A} \widehat{\otimes} \mathcal{A}$ such that $\varphi(\pi(\mathbf{m})) = 1$ and $a \cdot\mathbf{m} = \varphi(a)\mathbf{m}$ for all $a\in \mathcal{A}$; here, $\pi$ denotes the product morphism from $\mathcal{A} \widehat{\otimes} \mathcal{A}$ into $\mathcal{A}$, given by $\pi(a \otimes b) = ab$ for all $a, b \in \mathcal{A}$. \par For $\varphi\in \Delta(\mathcal{A})$, the algebra $\mathcal{A}$ is called: \begin{itemize} \item $\varphi$-amenable if every continuous derivation $D : A\rightarrow X^*$ is inner for each Banach $\mathcal{A}$-bimodule $X$ with the left module action given by $a \cdot x = \varphi(a)x$ for all $x \in X$ and $a \in \mathcal{A}$; \item $\varphi$-pseudo-amenable if it has an approximate $\varphi$-mean (not necessarily bounded); \item $\varphi$-contractible if there is a $\varphi$-diagonal $\mathbf{m} \in \mathcal{A} \widehat{\otimes} \mathcal{A}$. \end{itemize} \par Moreover, $\mathcal{A}$ is called: \par \begin{itemize} \item character amenable if $\mathcal{A}$ is $\varphi$-amenable for all $\varphi\in \Delta(\mathcal{A})$ and it has a bounded right approximate identity; \item character pseudo-amenable if $\mathcal{A}$ has a right approximate identity and it is $\varphi$-pseudo-amenable for all $\varphi \in \Delta(\mathcal{A})$; \item character contractible if it has a right identity and is $\varphi$-contractible for all $\varphi\in \Delta(\mathcal{A})$. \end{itemize} \par In this paper, the authors characterize $\varphi$-amenability, character amenability, $\varphi$-pseudo-amenability, character pseudo-amenability, $\varphi$-contractibility and character contractibility of some Banach algebras. More precisely, given a locally compact group $\mathcal{G}$, they characterize character amenability and character contractibility of abstract Segal algebras with respect to the group algebra $L^1(\mathcal{G})$ and the generalized Fourier algebra $A_p(\mathcal{G})$ $(1 < p < \infty)$. As a main result, they prove that $\mathcal{G}$ is discrete and amenable if, and only if, some class of abstract Segal algebras in $L^1(\mathcal{G})$ is character amenable. A similar result for abstract Segal algebras in $\mathcal{A}_p(\mathcal{G})$ $(1 < p < \infty)$ and $C_0(G)$ is proved. Finally, under some conditions, they investigate when a commutative, semisimple, Tauberian Banach algebra is an ideal in its second dual space.