Longtime behavior of a diffuse interface model for binary fluid mixtures with shear dependent viscosity (Q766011): Difference between revisions

The paper considers the longtime behavior for the solutions of the Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes system \[ \frac{\partial \mathbf{u}}{\partial t} + \left(\mathbf{u} \cdot \nabla\right) \mathbf{u} - \nabla \cdot \tau(\phi,\mathbf{e}(\mathbf{u})) + \nabla \pi = k \mu \nabla \phi + \mathbf{g}, \] \[ \text{div}\;\mathbf{u}=0, \] \[ \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial t} + \mathbf{u} \cdot \nabla \phi - m \Delta \mu=0, \] \[ \mu=-\varepsilon \Delta \phi + \alpha F'(\phi) \] in \((0,L)^N \times(0,T)\), \(T>0\), where \(\mathbf{u}\) is the mean fluid velocity, \(\phi\) is the relative concentration of one phase, \(\mathbf{u}\), \(\phi\) and \(\mu\) are \(L\)-periodic with respect to each spatial variable and \(k, \varepsilon, m\) and \(\alpha\) are given positive constants. The system is supplemented with initial conditions \(\mathbf{u}(0)=\mathbf{u}_{0}\) and \(\phi(0)=\phi_{0}\). The stress tensor \(\tau\) satisfies the stress-strain relation \[ \tau(\phi,\mathbf{e}(\mathbf{u}))=(\nu_1(\phi)+\nu_2(\phi) |\mathbf{e}(\mathbf{u})|^{p-2}) \mathbf{e}(\mathbf{u}), \] where \(\nu_i\) are strictly positive \(C^1\) functions, \(p\geq (3N+2)/(N+2)\), and \(\mathbf{e}\) is the symmetric velocity gradient. It is assumed that there exist positive constants \(\nu^i_*, \nu^*_i\) and \(\nu_i^{**}\) such that \[ \min_{y \in \mathbb{R}}\nu_{i}(y) \geq \nu^{i}_{*},\quad \max_{y \in \mathbb{R}}\nu_{i}(y) \leq \nu^{*}_{i}\quad \text{and}\quad \min_{y \in \mathbb{R}}|\nu_{i}'(y)| \leq \nu_{i}^{**},\quad(i=1,2). \] Furthermore, \(\pi\) denotes the pressure, \(\mathbf{g}\) is a given time-independent external force and \(F\) is given and satisfies the conditions: \[ F \in C^{3}(\mathbb{R};\mathbb{R}),\quad \liminf_{|y| \rightarrow \infty}F'' (y)>0\quad \text{and}\quad |F^{(3)}(y)|\leq C_F (1+|y|^{r-1}), \] where \(r \in [1,3]\) when \(N=3\) and \(r \geq 1\) when \(N=2\). Let \[ \begin{aligned} L^2_{\text{div}}&:=\{\mathbf{u} \in L^2(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^{N}): \text{div}\;\mathbf{u}=0,\;\int_{\Omega}\mathbf{u}\; dx = 0\},\\ W^{1,2}_{\text{div}}&:=\{\mathbf{u} \in W^{1,2}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^{N}): \text{div}\;\mathbf{u}=0,\;\int_{\Omega}\mathbf{u} \;dx = 0\},\\ \quad H^1_{\text{per}}&:=\{\phi \in W^{1,2}(\Omega): \phi\; \text{is \(L\)-periodic in each variable}\}.\end{aligned} \] Initially, the authors prove the compactness of the set of weak solutions, and then a key regularity result, for \(\mathbf{g} \in L^2_{\text{div}}\) and \((\mathbf{u}_0,\phi_0) \in W_{\text{div}}^{1,2} \times H^2_{\text{per}}\), which allows to establish the uniqueness of solutions in a certain regularity class. A dissipative estimate and results from \textit{J. Málek} and the second author [J. Differ. Equations 181, No. 2, 243--279 (2002; Zbl 1187.37113)] are used to establish the existence of global attractors of finite fractal dimension as well as the existence of exponential attractors.