Representation of univalent functions as infinite compositions (Q1397564): Difference between revisions

Let \(M\) denote the class of holomorphic and univalent functions in \(\mathbb{D}=\{z: | z| <1 \}\), such that \(f(0)=0, f'(0)>0\), and \(f(\mathbb{D})\subset \mathbb{D}\). It is well known that the solutions \(\omega=\omega(z,t)\) of the Löwner equation \[ \frac{d\omega}{dt}=-\frac{1-\xi(t)\omega}{1+\xi(t)\omega}, \quad t\geq0,\qquad \omega(z,0)=z, \quad z\in \mathbb{D} \] where \(| \xi(t)| =1\) and \(\xi(t)\) is a piecewise continuous function are dense in the family \(M\). In particular if \(\xi(t)= \text{const}=e^{i\gamma}\) then for every \(t>0\), \(\omega(z,t)=p_{\alpha}^{\gamma}(z)\), \(\alpha=e^{-t}\) maps \(\mathbb{D}\) onto \(\mathbb{D}\) with radial slit with the end at \(e^{i\gamma}\). This implies that the functions of the form \[ f=p^{\gamma_1}_{\alpha_1}\circ p^{\gamma_2}_{\alpha_2} \circ \ldots p^{\gamma_n}_{\alpha_n} \tag{*} \] are dense in \(M\). The author has proved that density is still valid if instead of \(p^{\gamma}_{\alpha}\) we take \(k^{\gamma}_{\alpha}\), where \(k^{\gamma}_{\alpha}(z)=e^{i\gamma}k_{\alpha}(e^{-i\gamma}z), 0<\alpha\leq1\), \(\gamma \in \mathbb{R}\) and \[ k_{\alpha}(z)=\frac{2\alpha z}{1-z+\sqrt{(1-z)^2+4\alpha^2z}}, \qquad z \in \mathbb{D}. \] The function \(k_{\alpha}(z)\) maps \(\mathbb{D}\) onto a hyperbolic biangle. In the reviewed paper is proved another general result about compositions of univalent mappings, namely. Let us consider the family of holomorphic functions \(M_{\beta}=\{r_{\beta}:r_{\beta} \in M \}\), \(\beta\in [0,1]\). Put \(r_{\beta}^{\gamma}(z)= e^{i\gamma}r_{\beta}(e^{-i\gamma}z)\), \(\gamma \in \mathbb {R}.\) Then we have the following Theorem. If the family \(M _{\beta}\) satisfies the conditions (i) \(r_0=id\), \(r'_{\beta_1}(0)>r'_{\beta_2}(0)\) if \(\beta_1<\beta_2\); (ii) for any \(\alpha \in [0,1]\) there exist \(\beta\), such that \(k_{\alpha}\prec r_{\beta} \neq qid\), then the functions of the form \[ f=r^{\gamma_1}_{\beta_1}\circ r^{\gamma_2}_{\beta_2} \circ \ldots r ^{\gamma_n}_{\beta_n}\circ \ldots \] are dense in \(M\).