Primeness in near-rings of continuous functions. II. (Q1770352): Difference between revisions

[For part I cf. the author and \textit{P. R. Hall}, ibid. 45, No. 1, 21-27 (2004; Zbl 1059.16037).] In this review, all nearrings are right distributive and zero-symmetric. A nearring \(N\) is defined to be `prime' if for two ideals \(A\) and \(B\) of \(N\), \(AB=0\) implies that either \(A=0\) or \(B=0\). It is defined to be `semiprime' if \(A^2=0\) implies \(A=0\). A nearring \(N\) is said to be `3-prime' if for \(x,y\in N\), \(xNy=0\) implies \(x=0\) or \(y=0\) and it is said to be `3-semiprime' of \(xNx=0\) implies \(x=0\). An ideal \(I\) of \(N\) is said to be `prime' (resp. `3-prime') if \(N/I\) is prime (resp. 3-prime). A nearring \(N\) is said to be `equiprime' if for \(a,x,y\in N\), \(anx=any\) for all \(n\in N\) implies either \(a=0\) or \(x=y\) and an ideal of \(I\) of \(N\) is said to be `equiprime' if \(N/I\) is equiprime. The `equiprime radical' of \(N\), denoted \({\mathcal P}_e(N)\), is the intersection of all equiprime ideals of \(N\). The `prime radical' \({\mathcal P}(N)\) of \(N\) is the intersection of all prime ideals of \(N\). Let \(G\) be a \(T_1\) additive topological group and denote by \(N_0(G)\) the zero-symmetric nearring of all continuous selfmaps which fix \(0\), under pointwise addition and composition. The composition of \(f,g\in N_0(G)\) will be denoted by \(fg\) and is defined by \(fg(x)=f(g(x))\). Let \(G\) be a disconnected topological group with open arcwise connected components each of which contains more than one element. Let \(H\) be the component of \(G\) which contains \(0\), let \(I=\{a\in N_0(G):aG\subseteq H\}\) and let \(J=\{a\in N_0(G):aH=0\}\). The author proves that \({\mathcal P}(N_0(G))={\mathcal P}_e(N_0(G))=I\cap J\). The author goes on to investigate these topics within the class of zero-symmetric sandwich nearrings. In what follows, the topological group \(G\) will be assumed to have more than one element. Let \(X\) be a topological space, \(G\) a topological group, and \(\theta\) a continuous map from \(G\) to \(X\). The zero-symmetric `sandwich near-ring' \(N_0(G,X,\theta)\) is the collection of all continuous maps from \(X\) to \(G\) such that \(f\theta(0)=0\) under pointwise addition and the product \(f\cdot g\) is defined by \(f\cdot g=f\theta g\). In the final section of the paper, the author proves various results about sandwich nearrings. For example, let \(X\) be completely regular and let \(G\) be an arcwise connected topological group. Suppose that either \(\theta^{-1}\theta(0)=\{0\}\) or \(\theta\) is injective. Then the following statements are equivalent (1) \(\text{cl}(\theta(G))=X\), (2) \(N_0(G,X,\theta)\) is equiprime, (3) \(N_0(G,X,\theta)\) is 3-semiprime. Suppose \(X\) is a \(0\)-dimensional \(T_0\) space and that \(\theta\) is injective and \(\text{cl}(\theta(G))=X\) (the latter condition was mistakenly written \(\text{cl}(\theta(G))=G\)). The author shows that \(N_0(G,X,\theta)\) is strongly prime if and only if the topology on \(X\) is discrete and it is strongly equiprime if and only if \(X\) is finite. In the final result of the paper, the author proves that if \(X\) is completely regular and \(G\) is arcwise connected and has a base consisting of arcwise connected open subsets, then \(N_0(G,X,\theta)\) is not strongly prime and hence not strongly equiprime.