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Latest revision as of 06:00, 5 March 2024

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The asymptotic distribution of general interpolation arrays for exponential weights
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    The asymptotic distribution of general interpolation arrays for exponential weights (English)
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    2002
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    In this interesting paper, the author examines the relationship between the size of Lagrange interpolation points and Lebesgue constants of Lagrange interpolation. It was \textit{J. Szabados} [J. Approximation Theory 103, No. 2, 357--359 (2000; Zbl 0948.41001)] who initiated this study for Freud weights. The author considers more general even exponential weights. Let \(x_{1n}< x_{2n}<\cdots< x_{n+1,n}\) and \(\{\ell_{k,n}\}^{n+1}_{k=1}\) be the associated fundamental polynomials of Lagrange interpolation, so that \(\ell_{kn}\) is a polynomial of degree \(n\) satisfying \(\ell_{k,n}(x_{j,n})= \delta_{kj}\). Let \(I\) be a real interval and \(w: I\to(0,\infty)\). The Lebesgue constant associated with \(\{x_{jn}\}^{n+ 1}_{j= 1}\) and \(w\) is \[ \Lambda_n= \Biggl\| w\sum^{n+1}_{k=1} {|\ell_{kn}|\over (x_{kn})} \Biggr\|_{L_\infty(I)}. \] It is the norm of the Lagrange interpolation operator acting on a weighted space of continuous functions. For a class of even exponential weights \(w = e^{-Q}\), on a symmetric interval, the author establishes the estimate \[ \max_{1\leq j\leq n+1}| x_{jn}|\leq Ca_n\Biggl(1+ {\log\Lambda_n\over nT(a_n)}\Biggr)^{2/3}, \] where \(C\) is independent of \(n\). Here \(a_n\) is the \(n\)th-Mhaskar-Rakhmanov-Saff number of \(Q\) and \(T(x)= 1+ xQ''(x)/Q'(x)\). In the special case \(Q(x)= | x|^\alpha\), \(\alpha> 1\), \(T\) is constant, and \(a_n= C_1 n^{1/\alpha}\) for some \(C_1> 0\), and one recovers the Szabados result. The author presents the explicit form of this estimate for many other \(Q\), such as \(Q(x)= \exp_k(| x|^\alpha)\) on \((-\infty,\infty)\) or \(Q(x)= \exp_k((1- x^2)^{-\alpha})\) on \((-1, 1)\), where \(\exp_k\) is the \(k\)th iterated exponential.
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    Lagrange interpolation
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    Lebesgue constant
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    exponential weight
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    asymptotic distribution
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    Freud weight
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    Erdős weight
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    interpolation
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    logarithmic potential
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    Pollaczek weight
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    sup norm
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    weighted approximation
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