Fracture mechanics. An introduction (Q5919960): Difference between revisions

This book is the second edition of a textbook published in 1993 [see for the review Zbl 0834.73056]. It contains four new chapters in addition to ten chapters of the first edition. In the introductory first chapter, the author describes the main failure criteria of brittle fracture. Some attention is devoted to the fracture of solids. Chapter 2 studies the linear elastic stress field in an infinite plate with a single crack by using the Westergaard semi-inverse method. Particular attention is given to the stress intensity factor (SIF), which governs the linear elastic stress field near the crack tip. Chapter 3 presents an elementary analysis of elastic-plastic stress fields in cracked bodies. It includes a description of plastic enclaves revealed by tests on plates of finite thickness, and also presents models of Irwin and Dugdale for plastic zone ahead of the crack. In chapter 4, the author develops the Griffith's crack growth theory based on the global energy balance. A graphical representation of various terms appearing in the energy balance equation is presented, and the equivalence of the energy approach to the approach based on the local stress field intensity is established. Chapter 4 concludes with a study of crack stability. Chapter 5 presents a fracture criterion based on the critical value of strain energy release rate. The author discusses the variation of critical SIF with the sample thickness for unstable crack growth, and presents a test procedure for determing the critical plane strain SIF. This chapter also includes a description of the crack growth resistance curve method for the study of small, slow and stable crack growth before global instability. Chapter 6 is devoted to theoretical foundations of path-independent \(J\)-integral and its use as a fracture criterion. The critical value of the crack face opening near the crack tip is also introduced as a fracture criterion. The experimental methods for the evaluation of \(J\)-integral are presented, too. Chapter 7 reviews the strain energy density theory. The corresponding criterion is used to solve general two-dimensional linear elastic crack problems including the uniaxial extension of an inclined crack and ductile fracture. Finally, the maximum stress criterion for non-self-similar crack growth is presented. The next chapter discusses the basic concepts of dynamic fracture mechanics. It describes the Mott's theory for the prediction of crack speed. Then, further development of Mott's results is outlined, and the stress field around a crack moving with constant speed is described. The problems of crack branching and arrest are considered, too. Chapter 8 concludes with a description of experimental study of dynamic crack problems. Chapter 9 presents the phenomena of fatigue and environment-assisted crack growth at the macroscopic scale. The basic fatigue crack growth laws based on SIF are described, and a phenomenological analysis of the problem of stress corrosion cracking is presented. Chapter 10 starts with a simplified model for the estimation of maximum theoretical cohesive strength of solids. The basic characteristic features of cleavage and fibrous fractures are presented, and some models for nucleation and growth of voids are reviewed. Finally, the most widely used nondestructive testing methods for defect detection are described. Chapter 11 analyses the effects of cracks and delaminations on the strength of laminated fiber composites by using the principles of fracture mechanics, and studies the strength of composites with through-thickness cracks. For this, the heterogeneous anisotropic fiber composite is replaced by a homogeneous anisotropic elastic material, and the strain energy release rate is determined. Then, delamination is studied under mode-I, -II, -III, and I-II loading. The principles of fracture mechanics applied to thin film/substrate systems are presented in chapter 12. Here the author studies the problem of an interfacial crack between two dissimilar isotropic elastic materials. This chapter concludes with testing methods for measuring thin film adhesion. Chapter 13 presents the basic principles of nanoindentation for measuring the mechanical properties of thin films. Then, the indentation is used to measure fracture toughness of brittle materials for radial cracks caused by the indentation. This chapter also includes the measurements of interface fracture toughness by delaminating the film from the substrate using conical and wedge indenters. In the final chapter 14 the basic principles of fracture mechanics of cementitious materials are presented with emphasis on concrete. In total, to regret for reader understanding, this second edition creates an impression of hastily prepared first edition due to the following causes: (i) at p. 293 (chapter 10) there is a phrase ``It is the objective of this final chapter\dots'', which is clear for the first edition, but is not for the second one; (ii) chapters 2--9 are plentifully provided by many teaching examples and problems, that is totally absent in new chapters 11-14. Due to this, the first edition advantageously differs from second one; (iii) in the second edition, the comparatively old references are present. Especially, it is obvious in chapter 13 devoted to ''young'' theme of nanoindentation. In spite of above remarks, this textbook may be useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students studying fracture mechanics.