Lectures on formal and rigid geometry (Q2434356): Difference between revisions

This book is intended as an introduction to the subjects mentioned in its title, that is, formal and rigid geometry. It is correspondingly divided into two parts; rigid geometry is treated first, while the second part of the book considers formal geometry and formal models of rigid spaces. After an introduction in Chapter 1, the author starts Part I by giving a thorough account of restricted power series rings, Tate algebras and their topological properties, and orthonormal bases, all over a field \(K\) with a non-trivial non-archimedean absolute value with respect to which \(K\) is complete. Chapter 3 first treats general affinoid algebras, their residue norms and supremum (semi-)norms, and the maximum principle. It then moves on to discuss the affinoid spaces associated to these algebras, as well as their affinoid subdomains. Chapter 4 studies the local rings of affinoid spaces and locally closed immersions, whose theory is used to give a proof of the Gerritzen-Grauert Theorem. After that, a proof of \textit{J. Tate} acyclicity [Invent. Math. 12, 257--289, (1971; Zbl 0212.25601)] is given; in other words, it is shown that the presheaf of affinoid functions on an affinoid space is in fact a sheaf with respect to finite covers by affinoid subdomains. Chapter 5 uses this result and the machinery of Grothendieck topologies to define rigid spaces and sheaves on them; it concludes by discussing the GAGA functor, which given a scheme locally of finite type over \(K\) functorially associates a rigid space over \(K\) to it. Chapter 6 concludes the section on rigid geometry by discussing coherent sheaves on rigid spaces and \textit{R.\ Kiehl}'s results [Invent. Math. 2, 191--214 (1967; Zbl 0202.20201); ibid. 2, 256--273 (1967; Zbl 0202.20201)] around these; the final section of this chapter is devoted to a thorough proof of Kiehl's Proper Mapping Theorem. Part II moves the focus to formal geometry. Chapter 7 starts out by considering adic rings and topologies, as well as formal schemes. Here the author considers two classes of rings \(R\): (N): \(R\) is Noetherian adic with an ideal of definition \(I\) for which the \(I\)-torsion of \(R\) is trivial; (V): \(R\) is an adic valuation ring with a principal ideal of definition \(I\). The case (V) does not fall under the aegis of the usually considered (N); no assumption is made on \(R\) being noetherian or of height \(1\), only that \(R\) possess a minimal non-trivial prime ideal. The chapter moves on to discuss admissible topological algebras over such rings, using flattening techniques by \textit{L.\ Gruson} and \textit{M.\ Raynaud} [Invent. Math. 13, 1--89 (1971; Zbl 0227.14010)] to show good behavior of the \(I\)-adic topology on finitely generated \(R\)-modules and their submodules, as well as suitable flatness results with respect to complete localizations. Chapter 8 globalizes these results to get a good theory of coherent sheaves on the corresponding ringed spaces off the ground, and moves on to discuss admissible formal blowups; here a flatness result due to O.\ Gabber (apparently unpublished) is needed to make the theory work for the case (V). After a discussion of rig-points, the chapter concludes by discussing the link between formal and rigid geometry envisioned by \textit{M. Raynaud} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr., Suppl., Mém. 39--40, 319--327 (1974; Zbl 0299.14003)]: for a complete valuation ring of height \(1\) with field of fractions \(K\), the category of quasi-compact quasi-separated rigid spaces over \(K\) is the localization of the category of quasi-paracompact admissible formal schemes over \(R\) by admissible blow-ups. Finally, Chapter 9 discusses more general base spaces than the above adic rings, Raynaud's universal Tate curve, the Zariski-Riemann space [\textit{K.\ Fujiwara} and \textit{F. Kato}, ``Foundations of rigid geometry, I'', preprint (2013), \url{arXiv:1308.4734}], and further results on formal models as obtained in [\textit{S.\ Bosch} and \textit{W.\ Lütkebohmert}, Math. Ann. 295, No. 2, 291--317 (1993; Zbl 0808.14017)] and its successors. The appendices give a thorough and self-contained account of classical valuation theory and completed tensor products. The book can be seen as a short and clear exposition of some of the main techniques in [\textit{S. Bosch} et al., Non-Archimedean analysis. A systematic approach to rigid analytic geometry. Berlin etc.: Springer Verlag (1984; Zbl 0539.14017)], with this difference that in addition a proof of the Proper Mapping Theorem is given, as well as expositions on the link with formal geometry and some more advanced topics. The set-up of the book rests on one clear choice; rigid geometry is pursued as a goal in itself. No motivation is given for studying rigid analytic geometry in the first place; subjects such as rigid analytic uniformization or Monsky-Washnitzer cohomology are not discussed, and the Tate curve is only briefly defined in passing. Neither is the use of formal geometry for lifting problems (as in the Grothendieck existence theorem) or the theorem on formal functions discussed. If one is willing to accept this vantage point, then the book is an ideal resource to learn about (or indeed lecture on) its subject. All notions introduced are discussed thoroughly, proofs are lucid and elegant, and the hypotheses made and their relevance are clear throughout the text. The author also takes care to present good counterexamples, discussing the breakdown of the usefulness of the full prime spectrum for affinoid spaces in Chapter 3, as well as constructing sheaves on G-topological spaces that are non-trivial yet have trivial stalks in Chapter 5. The reader comes away from the text with a thorough understanding of the internal motivations of the theory of formal and rigid spaces. The book is an extremely readable introduction to its subject, as well as to the techniques of modern geometry in general.