Divergent series, summability and resurgence II. Simple and multiple summability (Q276847): Difference between revisions

The book considers the question how to assign to a divergent series in one complex variable a function analytic in a sector and having the given series as its asymptotic expansion at the vertex of the sector. The theorems are illustrated by examples from the theory of ordinary differential equations (such as the hypergeometric or the Euler one), of difference equations (mild or wild) or of diffeomorphisms of \(\mathbb{C}\) tangent to identity. It explains the use of tools such as Gevrey asymptotic expansions, Newton polygons, Watson's lemma, index theorems, resurgent techniques and others. The first chapter recalls the definitions of Poincaré asymptotics, of Gevrey series and functions and the Borel-Ritt and Cauchy-Heine theorems. The second chapter deals with presheaves, sheaves, espaces étalés and Čech cohomology. The theorems of the previous chapter are revisited in the context of these notions. The third chapter concerns (systems of) linear ordinary differential equations including their \(\mathcal{D}\)-module interpretation. The formal meromorphic and the meromorphic classifications of linear systems and the Stokes cocycle theorem are exposed in the light of results of B. Malgrange and Y. Sibuya. The fourth chapter speaks about the Deligne-Malgrange approach to questions stemming from irregularity and Gevrey index theorems. The fifth chapter introduces the notion of \(k\)-summability and the four approaches to it -- the ones of J.-P. Ramis and of Ramis-Sibuya, the one using the Borel-Laplace summation, Nevanlinna's theorem and Tauberian theorems, and finally the wild analytic continuation approach. The sixth chapter is dedicated to diffeomorphisms tangent to identity. It includes the Birkhoff-Kimura sectorial normalization theorem. The seventh chapter contains the definitions of multisummability and of Ramis-Sibuya series. It proposes six approaches to multisummability. The first two of them are based respectively on the asymptotic definition and on the Malgrange-Ramis definition. The next two involve iterated Laplace integrals and W.~Balser's decomposition into sums. The last two rely on J.~Écalle's acceleration and on the wild analytic continuation. At the end of the book ten exercises and their solutions are proposed. For part I,III, see [\textit{C. Mitschi} and \textit{D. Sauzin}, Divergent series, summability and resurgence I. Monodromy and resurgence. Cham: Springer (2016; Zbl 1355.34003); \textit{E. Delabaere}, Divergent series, summability and resurgence III. Resurgent methods and the first Painlevé equation. Cham: Springer (2016; Zbl 1358.34002)].