A note on the Selberg class (degrees 0 and 1) (Q1423757): Difference between revisions

The extended Selberg class \(\mathcal S^\sharp\) consists of Dirichlet series \(G(s)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{g(n)}{n^s}\), not identically zero, with meromorphic continuation over \(\mathbb C\) such that \((s-1)^mG(s)\) is an entire function of finite order for some integer \(m\geq 0\), which satisfy the functional equation \[ \gamma(s)G(s) = \omega{\bar \gamma}(1-s){\bar G}(1-s), \] where \(| \omega| = 1\) and \[ \gamma(s) = Q^s\prod_{j=1}^r\Gamma(\lambda_js+\mu_j), Q>0, \lambda_j > 0, \Re \mu_j\geq 0. \] The degree of \(G\in\mathcal S^\sharp\) is defined by \(d_F = 2\sum_{j=1}^r\lambda_j\). Let \(\mathcal S_d^\sharp\) denote the set of \(G\in\mathcal S^\sharp\) of degree \(d\). \textit{J. Kaczorowski} and \textit{A. Perelli} [Number theory in progress, Zakopane, 1997, Volume 2, 953--992 (1999; Zbl 0929.11028)] showed that any Dirichlet series \(G\in\mathcal S_0^\sharp\) is actually a Dirichlet polynomial \[ G(s)=\sum_{n| Q^2} \frac{g(n)}{n^s}\quad \text{with} \quad g(n)= \omega\frac{n}{Q}{\bar g}\left(\frac{Q^2}{n}\right), \] where \(Q^2\in \mathbb N\) is given by the functional equation. Here the author gives a different classification of \(\mathcal S_0^\sharp\). For this he needs Dirichlet series with \(q\)-periodic coefficients, i.e. \[ L(s, f):=\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{f(n)}{n^s} \quad\text{with}\quad f(n+q)=f(n) \] for all integers \(n\). In the functional equation of \(L(s, f)\) the function \[ f^\pm(n)=\frac 1{\sqrt{q}}\sum_{a\bmod q} f(a)\exp(\pm 2\pi ian/q) \] naturally appears. The author proves that a function \(G\) lies in \(\mathcal S_0^\sharp\) if, and only if, there exists a periodic arithmetic function \(f:{\mathbb N}\to{\mathbb C}\) which satisfies \(f^+=\omega {\bar f}\) with \(\omega\in{\mathbb C}\), \(| \omega| =1\), and the quotient \(G(s)=L(s, f)/\zeta(s)\) defines an entire function. Here \(\zeta(s)=L(s, 1)\) is the Riemann zeta-function. Note that \(L(s, f)\) with \(f\) satisfying the above condition lies in \(\mathcal S_1^\sharp\).