Kaplansky superalgebras (Q1325067): Difference between revisions

A Kaplansky superalgebra is a simple 3-dimensional Jordan superalgebra \[ \kappa_ 3 (\Phi)= \Phi\cdot e_ 0+ \Phi\cdot x_ 1+ \Phi\cdot y_ 1 \] with \(e^ 2_ 0= e_ 0\), \(e_ 0\cdot x_ 1= {1\over 2} x_ 1\), \(e_ 0\cdot y_ 1= {1\over 2} y_ 1\), \(x_ 1\cdot y_ 1= e_ 0\). This is the only finite dimensional simple Jordan superalgebra over a field \(\Phi\) of characteristic \(\neq 2,3\) which is not unital. The unit \(e_ 0\) of the even part of \(\kappa_ 3\) acts as \(1\over 2\) on the odd part, so \(\kappa_ 3\) is ``half-unital''. The author constructs a general class of half-unital (Kaplansky) superalgebras \(\kappa ({\mathcal M})= \kappa_ 0 (A)+ \kappa_ 1(M)\) with \(\kappa_ 0(a)\cdot \kappa_ 0(b)= \kappa_ 0(a,b)\), \(\kappa_ 0 (a)\cdot \kappa_ 1(m)= {1\over 2} \kappa_ 1(am)\), \(\kappa_ 1(m)\cdot \kappa_ 1(n)= \kappa_ 0(m \times n)\) built from a bracket module \({\mathcal M}= (A, M,\times)\) consisting of a scalar algebra \(A\), a unital \(A\)-module \(M\), and a skew product (bracket) on \(M\times M\) to \(A\). For these superalgebras the conditions to be simple and Jordan are found. The two basic examples of bracket modules are contained in scalar algebras \(F: A=F_ 0\), \(M=F_ 1\) for \(F_ 0\subset F_ 1\subset F\) with \(F_ 0\) a unital subalgebra of \(F\) and \(F_ 1\) an \(F_ 0\)-module with the bracket \(f\times g= D(f)g- fD(g)\) for \(D: F_ 1\to F_ 0\) a derivation of \(F_ 0\)-modules. When \(D\) is a global derivation of \(F\) the Jordan superalgebra \(\kappa (F_ 0, F_ 1, \times_ D)\) is special with specialization in the superalgebra \(M_{1,1} ({\mathcal D})\) of \(2\times 2\) matrices over the algebra \({\mathcal D}\) of \(D\)-differential operators on \(F\). The first basic example is the tiny Kaplansky module \({\mathcal M}_ 3 (\Phi)\) \((A=\Phi\), \(M=\Phi\oplus \Phi t\), \(F= \Phi[t]\), \(D=d/dt\), \(\kappa ({\mathcal M}_ 3 (\Phi))= \kappa_ 3 (\Phi))\), which is simple iff \(\Phi\) is a field. The second basic example is the full derivation module \({\mathcal M} (F,D)\) \((A= M=F\), \(D\) is a derivation of \(F)\), which is simple iff \(F\) is \(D\)-simple, e.g., \(F\) the infinite-dimensional \(\Phi[t]\) or \(\Phi [[t ]]\) for \(D= d/dt\) over a field of characteristic 0, or \(F\) the \(p\)- dimensional truncated polynomial algebra \(\Phi[t_ p]\), \(D= d/dt_ p\) over a field of characteristic \(p\). The main result of the paper is that if \(\kappa ({\mathcal M})\) is simple of characteristic \(p>0\) (or is simple of characteristic 0 with \(A\) local), then \({\mathcal M}\) is either tiny or full; if \(\kappa ({\mathcal M})\) is simple of characteristic 0 then \({\mathcal M}\) imbeds in a full \({\mathcal M} (F, D)\) over a field \(F\). In particular, all simple Kaplansky superalgebras \(\kappa ({\mathcal M})\) are special.