An introductory course in Lebesgue spaces (Q267830): Difference between revisions

The book under review is dedicated solely to Lebesgue spaces and their direct derivatives, such as weak Lebesgue spaces, Lorentz spaces, variable Lebesgue spaces, and grand Lebesgue spaces, as well as to basic harmonic analysis in those spaces. It can serve as an introduction to the study of different variants of Lebesgue spaces and common techniques in the area. The book may be recommended to graduate students and non-specialists in the area of function spaces. Let us briefly describe the content of the book. Chapter 1 deals with the introductory material on convex functions and the Young and Jensen inequalities. Chapter 2 is devoted to Lebesgue sequence spaces. It starts with the Hölder and Minkowski inequalities. Completeness and duality of \(\ell_p\)-spaces are discussed. The Hardy and Hilbert inequalities are proved. Chapter 3 is dedicated to standard Lebesgue spaces. Approximations of functions in \(L_p\) by various classes of nice functions are described. The facts on duality, separability, reflexivity, and uniform convexity of Lebesgue spaces are discussed in detail. The case of \(L_p\)-spaces with \(0<p<1\) is touched as well. Distribution functions and nonincreasing rearrangements are the main players in Chapter 4. Some estimates for the nonincreasing rearrangement of Fourier transforms are proved. Chapter 5 is concerned with weak Lebesgue spaces. After preliminary facts on convergence in measure, the interpolation and normability of weak Lebesgue spaces is discussed. Chapter 6 is dedicated to classical Lorentz spaces. Their normability, completeness, separability, and duality are treated in detail. Some properties of the space \(L_1+L_\infty\) and the Zygmund spaces \(L\exp\) and \(L\log L\) are discussed as well. The chapter is concluded with the case of Lorentz sequence spaces. Chapter 7 deals with two nonstandard Lebesgue-type spaces. The first are variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. Two types of Luxemburg-Nakano norms in these spaces are defined. Convergence and completeness, embeddings and dense sets, duality and associate norms in these spaces are studied. Special attention is paid to the differences between the standard and the variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. The second part of this chapter is devoted to grand Lebesgue spaces (also known as Iwaniec-Sbordone spaces). It is shown that the set of smooth compactly supported functions is not dense in these spaces and that these spaces are not reflexive. The chapter is concluded with the proof of the Hardy inequality for grand Lebesgue spaces. The Riesz-Thorin and Marcinkiewicz interpolation theorems are proved in Chapter~8. Chapter 9 is devoted to the boundedness of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators on standard Lebesgue spaces and on variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. The case of Lebesgue spaces with Muckenhoupt weights is briefly discussed as well. Chapter 10 is dedicated to integral operators on Lebesgue spaces. It starts with the proof of the Minkowski integral inequality, and the Hilbert and Hardy inequalities. Further, the proof of the Radon-Nikodým theorem due to \textit{J. von Neumann} [Ann. Math. (2) 41, 94--161 (1940; Zbl 0023.13303)], which does not use the Hahn decomposition, is given. In Chapter 11, convolution and potential operators are studied. It starts with the properties of convolution operators. It is shown that the convolution with the Gauss-Weierstrass kernel is an approximate identity operator. The Young inequality for convolutions is proved. Properties of Friedrichs mollifiers are discussed. The chapter is ended with a succinct study of the Riesz potentials. Each chapter is concluded with an extensive list of problems and short bibliographic notes. The appendix contains auxiliary material on measure and integration theory, some facts from general functional analysis, and some information about Eulerian integrals and the Fourier transform. The book ends with a list of 86 references and with symbol and subject indices.