Local Lagrangian 2-knots are trivial (Q1924337): Difference between revisions

This paper provides a deep insight and remarkable results for the study of Lagrange knots in symplectic four-manifolds. Let \((\mathbb{R}^4, \omega)\) be the standard symplectic affine space, and \(L_0\) a Lagrange plane in \((\mathbb{R}^4, \omega)\). Consider the space \({\mathcal L}\) of Lagrange embeddings \(f:L_0 \to (\mathbb{R}^4, \omega)\) such that \(f\) coincides with the identity mapping outside a compact subset of \(L_0\). The main theorem of this paper states that the space \({\mathcal L}\) endowed with the (Whitney) \(C^\infty\) topology is contractible. As its consequences, the authors show that the group \(G\) of symplectic diffeomorphisms of \((\mathbb{R}^4, \omega)\) generated by time-dependent Hamiltonians with compact supports, acts on \({\mathcal L}\) transitively, and that the subgroup of \(G\) consisting of diffeomorphism fixing \(L_0\), is contractible. Fix a hyperplane \(Q_0\) in \(\mathbb{R}^4\) containing \(L_0\). A hypersurface \(Q\) in \(\mathbb{R}^4\) is called a simple hypersurface if \(Q\) is diffeomorphic to \(\mathbb{R}^3\) and coincides with \(Q_0\) outside a compact subset, and moreover each characteristic leaf on \(Q\) is diffeomorphic to \(\mathbb{R}\) and contains two disjoint opposite rays lying on characteristics of \(Q_0\) respectively. The key step of the proof of the main theorem is to show, using ``the filling with pseudo-holomorphic discs technique'', the following proposition: For any continuous mapping \(L:S^d \to {\mathcal L}\), there exists a continuous family \(Q(\xi)\), \(\xi \in S^d\) of simple hypersurfaces such that \(L(\xi)\) is contained in \(Q(\xi)\) for any \(\xi\in S^d\).