Piezoelectric shells. Sensing, energy harvesting, and distributed control (Q2009419): Difference between revisions

The book is the second edition of a unique treatise with three new chapters on optimal control and energy harvesters of shells and beams. The book deals with the developments of piezoelectric structural elements and their applications. The new edition focuses on four major subjects: piezoelectric shell continua, distributed sensing and control of elastic continua and piezoelectric elements, energy generation and harvesting and the finite element development. The treatise comprises thirteen chapters each of which has a summary, up to date references and some laboratory experiments. A subject index is given below. The first chapter (pp. 1--17) ``Introduction'' starts with the contents of the treatise, presents a concise overview of the concept and developments of smart, intelligent and adaptive materials, and indicates the significant advances. Chapter 2 (pp. 19--56) ``Piezoelectric shell vibrations'' presents the fundamental electrical and mechanical equations and Hamilton's principle of non-polar linear piezoelectricity. A generic piezoelectric shell continuum is defined in a triorthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. Then the author studies a thick piezoelectric shell including transverse shear deformation and a thin piezoelectric shell based on Kirchhoff-Love assumption. Chapter 3 (pp. 57--97) ``Common piezoelectric continua and active piezoelectric structures'' examines the applications of the shell theories given in the previous section, using a four-step reduction procedure to piezoelectric structural elements (e.g., thin and thick plates, thin shells of revolution). A damping control of piezoelectric cylindrical shells is investigated. The frequency control of a piezoelectric bimorph beam is examined with the laboratory validation. Chapter 4 (pp. 99--130) ``Distributed sensing and control of elastic shells'' proposes a deep elastic shell laminated with distributed piezoelectric sensor and actuators layers. The corresponding generic theories are derived, based on the direct and converse piezoelectric effects. Two generic sensor and actuator design principles (i.e., segmentation and shaping techniques) are presented. The generic theories with the stress-free boundaries of sensor/actuator layers can be applied to other geometries (e.g., beams, plates, rings and shells). Chapter 5 (pp. 131--154) ``Multi-layered shell actuators'' is concerned with the development of a generic theory for a multi-layered deep shell with arbitrary internal distributed actuators. The fundamental equations based on Kirchhoff-Love's theory are deduced from Hamilton's principle. The resulting equations which can be readily simplified to other common structural elements (e.g., cylindrical panel, spheres) are used for two demonstration examples. Chapter 6 (pp. 155--184) ``Boundary control of beams'' studies the distributed control of a PVDF laminated cantilever beam. The beam has a distributed surface bonded piezoelectric sensor and actuator. A closed-loop feedback controls of the beam are evaluated using the displacement and velocity signals. The results are compared with the velocity control after the finite element analyses and laboratory experiments. Chapter 7 (pp. 185--223) ``Distributed control of plates with segmented sensors and actuators'' is devoted to the derivation of the mathematical models and analytical solutions of a simply supported plate with a single-piece distributed sensor/actuator and four-piece quarterly segmented sensors/actuators. The natural frequencies and mode shapes, parametric studies and control algorithms of the plate are studied. Various effects for the plate (e.g., thickness) are discussed. Chapter 8 (pp. 225--264) ``Convolving shell sensors and actuators applied to rings'' proposes a generic distributed piezoelectric shell with sensors and actuators and examines their electromechanical behaviors. Cosine shaped piezoelectric convolving modal sensors and actuators based on the shaping technique are designed and analyzed for ring shell structures. The control effectiveness of distributed modal actuators is evaluated. Chapter 9 (pp. 265--321) ``Sensing and control of cylindrical shells'' deals with the designs of distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators for sensing and control of cylindrical shells and their spatially distributed sensing /control effects are analyzed. The natural frequencies and modes of free vibration analysis is conducted for a piezoelectric cylindrical shell, an elastic cylindrical shell and a piezoelectric laminated cylindrical shell. Chapter 10 (pp. 323--356) ``Microscopic actuations and optimal control of parabolic shells'' investigates the spatially distributed actuation behavior of piezoelectric actuators on an open parabolic cylindrical shell panel with simply supported boundary conditions. The control equations of the cylindrical panel laminated with a piezoelectric actuator are derived. The optimal control effects for four shell natural modes are evaluated. Chapter 11 (pp. 357--384) ``Linear/nonlinear piezoelectric shell energy harvesters'' develops a generic distributed piezoelectric shell energy harvester theory based on a generic linear/nonlinear double curvature shell structure. The distributed electromechanical coupling mechanism of the energy harvester is discussed. The generic piezoelectric shell energy harvesting mechanism is applied to a cantilever beam, a circular ring and a conical shell. Chapter 12 (pp. 385--407) ``Tubular shell energy harvester'' considers the energy harvesting of a simply supported tubular (circular) cylindrical shell laminated with piezoelectric patches. A tubular shell energy harvesting system is designed and tested in the StrucTronics and Control laboratory at Zhejiang University. The analytic predictions are favorably compared with the experimental data. The last Chapter 13 (pp. 409--450) ``Finite element formulation and analyses'' explains a finite element development and analysis of integrated distributed piezoelectric sensor/actuator structures or so-called structronic systems. A new ``thin'' piezoelectric hexahedron element with internal degree of freedom is formulated by means of Hamilton's and variational principles in linear piezoelectricity theory. A constant amplitude and a constant-gain feedback controls are suggested and integrated into the finite element formulations. In summary, the book presents a collection of the author's and his associates three-decade research and development on the statics and dynamics of piezoelectric beams, plates, shells, rings and multi-layered elements. In brief, continued from this edition, certain piezoelectric materials (e.g., porous, quasicrystal), effects (e.g., thermal) and a complete mathematical model of piezoelectricity (e.g., interface conditions in laminates) in integral and differential forms, internal consistency and error estimation of solutions and some design and computer problems for students seem to be very motivating for people interested in research and teaching. In conclusion, the treatise can be used as a textbook and it is highly recommended as an excellent reference to students and engineers who are interested in piezoelectric structural elements.