On modular forms arising from a differential equation of hypergeometric type (Q1417927): Difference between revisions

The authors consider the differential equation \[ \partial_{k+2}\partial_k(f)(\tau)= {k(k+2)\over 144} E_4(\tau)\,f(\tau), \] where \(\tau\) is a variable in the upper half-plane, \(k\) is a nonnegative integer or half an integer, \(E_4(\tau)\) the usual Eisenstein series \[ E_4(\tau)= 1+ 240 \sum^\infty_{n=1} \Biggl(\sum_{d| n} d^3\Biggr) q^n, \] \(\partial_k\) the differential operator \[ \partial_k(f)(\tau):= f'(\tau)-\tfrac k2 E_2(\tau)\,f(\tau) \] and \(E_2(\tau)\) the ``quasimodular'' Eisenstein series \[ E_2(\tau)= 1-24 \sum^\infty_{n=1} \Biggl(\sum_{d| n} d\Biggr) q^n. \] They find (conjecturally all) modular solutions of this differential equation and discuss the positivity of the Fourier coefficients of some of these solutions. When \(k\) is an odd integer congruent to \(5\bmod 6\), the equation has quasimodular solutions of weight \(k+1\) rather than \(k\) as in other modular solutions. The results are divided into different cases, according to the congruences of \(k\) and is difficult to be stated here explicitly. The work originated from a study of supersingular \(j\)-invariants in the first author's work with \textit{Don Zagier} [Buell, D. A. (ed.) et al., Computational perspectives on number theory. Proceedings of a conference in honor of A. O. L. Atkin, Chicago, IL, USA, September 1995. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society. AMS/IP Stud. Adv. Math. 7, 97--126 (1998; Zbl 0955.11018)].