Fukaya categories as categorical Morse homology (Q2447876): Difference between revisions

A Weinstein manifold is defined to be an exact symplectic manifold \((M^{2n},\theta)\) that admits a Morse function \(h:M \to \mathbb R\) with respect to which the Liouville vector field \(Z\) of \((M,\theta)\) is complete and gradient-like. A stable manifold \(c_p\) of each critical point \(p\) defines an isotopic cell and an unstable manifold \(C_p\) defines a coisotopic cell. Hence, \(M\) admits a partition of coisotropic cells \(M = \coprod_{p \in \mathfrak c} C_p\) of unstable manifolds. The (Lagrangian) skeleton \(K\) is defined to be the union \(K = \coprod_{p \in \mathfrak c} c_p\) of stable manifolds \(c_p\) [\textit{P. Biran}, Geom. Funct. Anal. 11, No. 3, 407--464 (2001; Zbl 1025.57032)] and the inclusion \(K \hookrightarrow M\) defines a homotopy-equivalence. A Weinstein manifold is called subcritical if it admits such a Morse function \(h\) (pluri-subharmonic function) whose associated \(K\) has dimension less than \(n = \frac{1}{2}\dim M\), and critical if it admits no such \(h\) and hence the skeleton must have dimension \(n\) for any choice of \(h\). In the sheaf theory of subanalytic sets \(X\), the differential graded category \({\operatorname{Sh}}(X)\) of constructible complexes of sheaves on \(X\) carries a special pattern that the author calls a recollement pattern, of the diagram between the triple \((\text{Sh}(U), {\operatorname{Sh}}(X), {\operatorname{Sh}}(Y))\) whenever \(U \subset X\) is an open subset and \(Y = X\setminus U\) which relates the natural morphisms \(i^*, \, i_*, \, i_!, \, i^!\) and \(j^*, \, j_*, \, j_!, \, j^!\) induced by the maps \(j: U \hookrightarrow X \hookleftarrow Y = X \setminus: i\). The fact that \(j\) is an open embedding provides a canonical identification \(j^! \cong j^*\) and the fact that \(i\) is a closed embedding provides a canonical identification \(i_! \cong i_*\). The fact that \(U\) and \(Y\) are disjoint provides canonical identifications \(j^*i_! \cong 0 \cong j^!i_*\) and \(i^*j_! \cong 0 \cong i^!j_*\). The additional fact that \(U\) and \(Y\) cover \(X\) leads to dual exact triangles \[ i_!i^! \longrightarrow \text{id}_{{\operatorname{Sh}}(X)} \longrightarrow j_*j^* \overset{[1]}\longrightarrow\,\, \text{ and}\,\, j_!j^! \longrightarrow \text{id}_{{\operatorname{Sh}}(X)} \longrightarrow i_*i^* \overset{[1]} \longrightarrow. \] The paper in review concerns the structure of the stable Fukaya category \(\operatorname{Perf}(M)\) of the Weinstein manifold \(M\). In the case of a cotangent bundle \(M = T^*X\) of a subanalytic set \(X\), the author [Sel. Math., New Ser. 15, No. 4, 563--619 (2009; Zbl 1197.53116)] and the author with \textit{E. Zaslow} [J. Am. Math. Soc. 22, No. 1, 233--286 (2009; Zbl 1227.32019)] previously established a microlocal equivalence \(\mu_X: {\operatorname{Sh}}(X) \to \operatorname{Perf} F(T^*X)\) on the cotangent bundle where \(\operatorname{Perf} F(T^*X)\) is the stable Fukaya category of the cotangent bundle \(T^*X\) generated by exact Lagrangian branes. Generalizing the aforementioned recollement pattern of constructible sheaves and the microlocal equivalence, the author proposes a similar recollement pattern for the triple \((\operatorname{Perf} F(N), \operatorname{Perf} F(M), \operatorname{Perf} F(M^\circ))\) with \(M^\circ = M \setminus C\) which is associated to the Lagrangian correspondence \(N \overset{q}\twoheadleftarrow C \overset{i} \hookrightarrow M\) whenever \(i: C \to M\) is a closed coisotropic submanifold that is a union of unstable cells and \(q: C \to N\) is the symplectic reduction of the coisotropic manifold. (One novel nature of these coisotopic cells, against general coisotropic submanifolds, is that its symplectic reduction defines a Hausdorff manifold which itself naturally carries a Weinstein structure with respect to the canonically reduced symplectic form.) Along the way, the author also proposes the counterparts of what should be the definitions of the natural morphisms \(i^*, \, i_*, \, i_!, \, i^!\) and \(j^*, \, j_*, \, j_!, \, j^!\) in the Fukaya category and the analogous dual exact triangles \[ i_!i^! \longrightarrow \text{id}_{\operatorname{Perf} F(M)} \longrightarrow j_*j^* \overset{[1]}\longrightarrow,\quad j_!j^! \longrightarrow \text{id}_{\operatorname{Perf} F(M)} \longrightarrow i_*i^* \overset{[1]}\longrightarrow \] where \(j: M^\circ \to M\) is the natural inclusion. Assuming this recollement pattern, the author sketches how, in analogy with Morse homology, the Fukaya category might result from gluing together Fukaya categories of coisotopic cells and exhibit the Fukaya category as the global sections of a sheaf on the conic topology of the Weinstein manifold. This can be viewed as a symplectic analogue of (micro)localization of constructible sheaves. (Such a localization of the Fukaya category along the Lagrangian skeleton was first proposed by Kontsevich in a lecture around 2009.) By the way, \(\operatorname{Perf} F(M)\) is trivial if \(M\) is subcritical and the above description carries values precisely for the case where (exact) symplectic topology of \(M\) is supposed to be nontrivial.