Hopf bifurcation from a differentiable viewpoint (Q1188236): Difference between revisions

The main result of this (rather technical) paper is the following: Let \(i\kappa_ 0\) and possibly 0 be eigenvalues of the linear operator \(A'(0)\) of a parameter dependent evolution equation in Hilbert space (1) \(du/dt+A(\lambda)u+F(\lambda,u)=0\) having the trivial equilibrium \(u=0\) for all \(\lambda\in\mathbb{R}\), and where \(F(\lambda,\mu)=O(\| u\|)\). Then (i) if the crossing number of \(A(\lambda)\) through 0 is odd then stationary solutions of (i) bifurcate from the trivial solution at \(\lambda=0\), and (ii) if the crossing number of \(A(\lambda)\) through 0 is even and if the crossing number through some \(i\kappa_ 0\) is nonzero then stationary or periodic solutions of (1) bifurcate from the trivial solution at \(\lambda=0\). Both alternatives in (ii) can actually occur. The proof is based on a detailed study of the generic form of the \(S^ 1\)-equivariant bifurcation problem which results from a Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction applied to (1); this bifurcation problem depends on two parameters; the original parameter \(\lambda\) and the period of the periodic solutions one is looking for. The description of the generic solution set allows then the introduction of an orbit index, from which the theorem can be proven by contradiction. The paper is a continuation of earlier work of the same author [J. Reine Angew. Math. 358, 104-124 (1985; Zbl 0552.47025); similar results, but using different methods, have also been obtained by \textit{J. Ize}, \textit{I. Massabo} and \textit{A. Vignoli} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 315, No. 2, 433-510 (1989; Zbl 0695.58006)].