On differential equations in normal form (Q1191429): Difference between revisions

The normal forms play an important role in the investigation of non- elementary stationary points of ODE. This paper deals with general properties of equations in normal form (i.e. a special class of ODE) and their reduction to systems of lower dimensions. The system under investigation is (1) \(\dot x=f(x)=Bx+\sum_{j\geq 2}f_ j(x)\), where \(f\) is analytic in some neighbourhood of the origin, \(x\in R^ n\) or \(C^ n\). Let \(B=B_ S+B_ N\), where \(B_ S\) is semisimple, \(B_ N\) is nilpotent. It is assumed that \(f\) is a preliminary normal form (it means with respect to the semisimple part: \([B_ S,f]=0\), secondary normalization is not investigated). The author shows a decomposition of \(R^ n\) (resp. \(C^ n\)) into \(B_ S\) invariant subspaces \(x=u+w\in U\oplus W\), which leads (1) to the form (2.1) \(\dot u=f(u)\), (2.2) \(\dot w=f(y+w)-f(u)=g(u,w)\), where \(U\) is \(f\)-invariant, \(g(u,w)\in W\). If the solution of (2.1) is known, then (2.2) can be reduced to linear equations. The paper contains detailed proofs based on algebraic technics and considers independently the integration of the two systems of (2).