Ultracomplete convergence vector spaces and the closed graph theorem (Q5929000): Difference between revisions

Let \(X\) be a set and assume that for each \(x\) in \(X\) is associated a collection \(\lambda(x)\) of filters on \(X\) satisfying: (i) the ultrafilter \(\{A \subset X:x\in A\} \in\lambda(x)\), (ii) if \({\mathcal F}\in\lambda (x)\) and \({\mathcal G} \in \lambda(x)\) then the filter \({\mathcal F}\cap {\mathcal G}\) also belongs to \(\lambda (x)\), (iii) if \({\mathcal F}\in \lambda(x)\) and \({\mathcal G}\supset {\mathcal F}\), then \({\mathcal G}\in \lambda(x)\). The totality \(\lambda\) of filters \(\lambda(x)\) for \(x\) in \(X\) is called a convergence structure for \(X\), the pair \((X,\lambda)\) a convergence space. A convergence space \(X\) is strongly first countable if for each \(x\in X\) there is a countable set \(B\) which is a local basis for \(X\) at \(x\), i.e., for each \({\mathcal F}\in \lambda(x)\) there is a coarser \({\mathcal G}\in \lambda (x)\) with a basis from \(B\). If \(X\) is a vector space over the real or complex numbers, the pair \((X,\lambda)\) is a convergence vector space if \(\lambda\) is compatible with the algebraic operations on \(x\). A convergence vector space \(X\) is called ultracomplete if it is strongly first countable and for every \({\mathcal F}\in \lambda(0)\) there is a countable subset \(\{W_n:n \in \mathbb{N}\} \subset{\mathcal F}\) such that \([\{\sum^\infty_{k=n} W_k:n\in \mathbb{N}\}]\) converges to 0 in \(X\). The authors give the following theorem: Let \(E\) be a Fréchet space, \(F\) an ultracomplete convergence vector space and \(u:E\to F\) a linear mapping with a closed graph. Then \(u\) is continuous. The authors show how the webs of De Wilde give rise to ultracomplete convergence vector spaces and how De Wilde's closed graph theorem fits in a convergence vector space setting.