Global attractors for the Klein-Gordon-Schrödinger equation in unbounded domains (Q5931932): Difference between revisions

The authors study a coupled system of equations, referred to as Klein-Gordon-Schrödinger system. After a transformation, the basic system is transformed into the following one: \[ \begin{aligned} i\partial_t\psi & +\Delta\psi+i\nu\psi+\phi\psi=f,\\ \partial_t\phi & +\delta\phi=\theta,\quad \psi(0,x)=\psi_0(x),\quad \phi(0,x)=\phi_0(x),\quad \theta(0,x)=\theta_0(x),\\ \partial_t\theta & +(\gamma-\delta)\theta-\Delta\phi+(1-\delta(\gamma-\delta))\phi-|\psi|^2=g.\end{aligned}\tag{1} \] Here \(\psi\) is complex, \(\phi\), \(\theta\) are real, \(\nu,\gamma,\delta\) are positive constants, with \(\delta\) small . We have \(x\in\mathbb{R}^n\), \(n\leq 3\), \(t\geq 0\). The functional spaces which underly (1) and the main results are the Sobolev spaces \(H^k= H^k(\mathbb{R}^n)\), \(H=H^0=L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\). The authors obtain, among others, results on solutions of (1) for the case where \(\psi, \phi\in H^1\), \(\theta\in H\); earlier results listed in the introduction refer mainly to the case where \(\psi,\phi \in H^{k+1}\), \(\theta\in H^k\), \(k\geq 1\). The first main result is Theorem 3.1: If \(f,g\in H\) then the solutions of (1) depend continuously on \((\psi_0,\phi_0,\theta_0)\) in \(H^1\times H^1\times H\) and satisfy an energy equation \[ \partial_tE(\psi,\phi,\theta)+ 2\delta E(\psi,\phi,\theta)= F(\psi,\phi,\theta),\quad t>0, \] where \(\psi=\psi(t)\) etc., and with \[ \begin{multlined} E(\psi,\phi,\theta)=2\|\psi\|^2+2\|\nabla\psi\|^2+(1-\delta(\gamma-\delta)) \|\phi\|^2 + \|\nabla\phi\|^2+ \|\theta\|^2\\ -2\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}|\psi|^2\phi dx+4\text{Re}\int_{\mathbb{R}^n} f\overline{\psi}dx,\end{multlined} \] while \(F(\psi,\phi,\theta)\) is a similar but longer expression. Theorem 3.2 is similar but refers to the case where the initial conditions \((\psi_0,\phi_0,\theta_0)\) are in \(H^{k+1}\times H^{k+1}\times H^k\), \(k\geq 1\). Theorem 4.1 asserts that the solution semigroup \(S(t)\), \(t\geq 0\) associated with the \(H^1\times H^1\times H\)-setting admits a global compact attractor which attracts bounded sets. Theorem 4.3 finally is similar but refers to \(H^{k+1}\times H^{k+1}\times H^k\), \(k\geq 1\). The proofs are quite involved and based on a series of lemmas. One of the principal obstacles is the lack of compactness which has to be replaced by the notion of asymptotic compactness.