Periodicity and convergence for \(x_{n+1}=| x_{n}-x_{n-1}|\). (Q1426061): Difference between revisions
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Latest revision as of 15:46, 6 June 2024
scientific article
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English | Periodicity and convergence for \(x_{n+1}=| x_{n}-x_{n-1}|\). |
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Periodicity and convergence for \(x_{n+1}=| x_{n}-x_{n-1}|\). (English)
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14 March 2004
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The author proves that each solution \(\{x_n\}\) of the equation \(x_{n+1}=| x_{n}-x_{n-1}| \) is either eventually periodic with period 3 or converges to zero. The case depends on whether the ratio \(x_0/x_{-1}\) of the initial values is rational or irrational. The sequence of ratios \(r_n=x_n/x_{n-1}\), \(n=0,1,\ldots\), satisfies the difference equation \(r_{n+1}=\phi(r_n)=| 1/r_n-1| \) that has \(p\)-cycles for all integer \(p\neq 3\). Each cycle is explicitly determined by Fibonacci numbers. A unique positive fixed point of \(\phi\) is shown to be a snap-back repeller. According to the result by \textit{F. R. Marotto} [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 63, 199--223 (1978; Zbl 0381.58004)] it means that the irrational ratios \(r_n\) behave chaotically.
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difference equation
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periodic solution
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convergence
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snap-back repeller
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chaotic behavior
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Fibonacci numbers
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cycles
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fixed point
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