Model structures and the Oka principle (Q1878424): Difference between revisions

The model structures in complex analysis is considered in the present paper as a tool for studying lifting and extension properties of holomorphic maps, such as those given by the Oka Principle. More precisely, model structures provide a framework for investigating two classes of holomorphic maps such that the first has the right lifting property with respect to the second and the second has the left lifting property with respect to the first (in the absence of topological obstructions). So the author seeks to make the maps in the first class into fibrations and those in the second class into cofibrations, with weak equivalence being understood in the topological sense. The version of Oka Principle used here involves the inclusion \(T\to S\) into a Stein manifold of a closed complex submanifold and a holomorphic fibre bundle \(X\to Y\) whose fibre is an elliptic manifold such that by Gromov result [see \textit{M. Gromov}, J. Am. Math. Soc. 2, No. 4, 851--897 (1989; Zbl 0686.32012)] for any commuting square \[ \begin{matrix} T & \to & X\\ \downarrow & & \downarrow\\ S &\to & Y\end{matrix} \] the inclusion of the space of holomorphic liftings \(S\to X\) into the space of continuous liftings is a weak equivalence in the compact-open topology. The natural question: ``Is there a model category containing the category of complex manifolds in which Stein inclusions are cofibrations, weak equivalences are defined topologically and being a fibration is equivalent to an Oka property, such as the one attributed to elliptic bundles by Gromov 's theorem?'' has here an answer. The machinery of abstract homotopy theory is applied: the category of Stein manifolds is equipped in a natural way with a simplicial structure and a compatible topology, turning it into a simplicial site; the category of complex manifolds is embedded into the simplicial category of prestacks on this site (a prestack is here a contravariant, simplicial functor from the site to the category of simplicial sets); strengthening the main result of previous paper by the author about model structures in complex analysis [Int. J. Math. 14, No.~2, 191--209 (2003; Zbl 1078.32017)], the fact that a prestack represented by a complex manifold \(X\) is fibrant in the so-called projective structure iff \(X\) satisfies the so-called weak Oka property is proven; a new simplicial model structure on the category of prestacks on the Stein site (in a sense the smallest one in which every Stein inclusion is a cofibration) is introduced. The fibrations in this structures are characterized and the result that a holomorphic map is a fibration iff it satisfies a new, stronger Oka property (defined explicitly in purely analytic terms) is proven. So, this stronger and more natural Oka property, in which, not a single square, but a continuous family of them is considered, is equivalent to fibracy in a new model category containing the category of complex manifolds. By Gromov's theorem, the elliptic manifolds are fibrant in this new sense. The author conjectures that elliptic bundles are fibrations.