Periodic solutions of a resonant third-order equation (Q707027): Difference between revisions

The paper deals with the third-order differential equation \[ x'''+ax''+\widetilde g(x')+cx=p(t) \tag{1} \] under the periodic conditions \[ x(0)=x(2\pi),\quad x'(0)=x'(2\pi), \quad x''(0)=x''(2\pi), \tag{2} \] where \(\widetilde g(s)=\lambda s +g(s)\) with \(g\in C(\mathbb{R})\) bounded, \(p\in L_2[0,2\pi]\), \(a\in \mathbb{R}\), \(a\not= 0\), \(\lambda = m^2\), \(m\in \mathbb{Z}\), and \(c=am^2\). These conditions correspond to the resonant case. The existence of a solution of problem (1), (2) is proved provided \(\lim_{x\to \pm \infty} g(x) = g(\pm \infty) \in \mathbb{R}\) and the \(m\)th Fourier coefficients of \(p\) satisfy the following Landesman-Lazer-type condition \[ a_m^2(p)+b_m^2(p)< {4\over\pi^2}[g(+\infty)-g(-\infty)]^2. \] The arguments are based on the coincidence degree theory by J. Mawhin.