The crystal duality principle: from Hopf algebras to geometrical symmetries (Q1770483): Difference between revisions

Let \(H\) be a Hopf algebra over a field \(k\). For purposes of explanation, for most of this review we will assume that \(k\) has characteristic zero. The author associates to \(H\) two pairs of Hopf algebras. Both pairs have the feature that the first Hopf algebra is the function algebra of a connected Poisson group, and the second Hopf algebra is the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie bialgebra. The construction of the first pair involves ``classical'' methods, whereas that of the second pair involves ``quantum'' methods. We now describe the construction of the first pair. Let \(J\) be the augmentation ideal of \(H\). The Hopf algebra filtration of \(H\) by powers of \(J\) has an associated graded Hopf algebra \(\widehat H\) which is graded, cocommutative and primitively generated, so that \(\widehat H\cong U({\mathfrak g})\) for a Lie algebra \({\mathfrak g}\). \(\widehat H\) has a Poisson cobracket, and \(\widehat H\) is a graded co-Poisson Hopf algebra. This can be used to give \({\mathfrak g}\) the structure of a Lie bialgebra. \(\widehat H\) is the second Hopf algebra in the first pair. The first Hopf algebra comes from another (increasing) filtration on \(H\), namely the kernels of the \(n\)-fold iterated coproducts followed by projection onto the \(n\)-fold tensor product of \(J\). The associated graded Hopf algebra \(\widetilde H\) is commutative, so is the function algebra \(F[G]\) for some algebraic group \(G\). \(\widetilde H\) has a Poisson bracket, and is a graded Poisson Hopf algebra. \(G\) is an algebraic Poisson group. \(\widetilde H\) is the first Hopf algebra in the first pair. Thus, to \(H\) is asociated the first pair (\(\widetilde H= F[G]\), \(\widehat H =U({\mathfrak g})\)). The relation of \(H\) to \(\widetilde H\) and \(\widehat H\) can be expressed in terms of Hopf algebra morphisms and regular 1-parameter deformations of Hopf algebras realized through the two Rees Hopf algebras associated to the two filtrations. The construction of the second pair of Hopf algebras involves quantum groups in the form of Hopf \(k[t]\)-algebras \(B_t\). For the two Rees Hopf algebras \(B\), \(B|tB\) yields two Hopf algebras, one of the form \(F[K]\) for some connected Poisson group \(K\), and the second of the form \(U({\mathfrak t})\) for some Lie bialgebra \({\mathfrak t}\). The second pair of Hopf algebras is \((F[K],U({\mathfrak t}))\). This pair is also related by Hopf algebra morphisms and regular 1-parameter deformations of Hopf algebras. The author used here his ``Global Quantum Duality Principle'' (GQDP), for which his references are his electronic preprint and a paper to appear. GQDP is also invoked to claim that the pairs \((G,{\mathfrak g})\) and \((K,{\mathfrak t})\) are related by Poisson duality, i.e., \({\mathfrak t}\) is the cotangent Lie bialgebra of \(G\), and \({\mathfrak g}\) is the cotangent Lie bialgebra of \(K\). A tighter description of this Poisson duality is given when \(H\) is itself a function algebra on an algebraic group. He also explains how the condition that \(H\) be a Hopf algebra can be weakened in several ways. We note that characteristic \(k= p> 0\) is also discussed, the results being variations of the characteristic zero case. In particular, \(G\) has dimension 0 and height 1. In a final section, the author examines in detail the case when \(H\) is the group algebra of a finite group.