Some identities involving certain Hardy sums and Ramanujan sum (Q2577867): Difference between revisions

In this paper, the authors consider the Dedekind sum, the Hardy sum, the Ramanujan sum and two other related sums which are defined by \[ S(d,c)=\sum^c_{j=1}\left(\left(\frac jc\right)\right)\left(\left(\frac {dj}c\right)\right),\quad S_3(d,c)=\sum^{c-1}_{j=1}(-1)^{j+1+[dj/c]},\quad R_c(d)=\sum^c_{b=1}{}'e^{2\pi idb/c}, \] \[ S_1(d,c)=\sum^c_{j=1}(-1)^{[\frac{dj}c]}\left(\left(\frac jc\right)\right)\text{ and }S_2(d,c)=\sum^c_{j=1}(-1)^j \left(\left(\frac jc\right)\right)\left(\left(\frac {dj}c\right)\right), \] respectively, where \(((x))=x -[x]-\frac12\) for \(x\in\mathbb R\setminus\mathbb Z\) and \(((x)) = 0\) for \(x\in\mathbb Z\), and \(\sum{}'\) in the notation of \(R_c(d)\) denotes the summation over all \(b\) such that \((b,c) = 1\). They obtain four theorems including the following: Theorem 1. Let \(c\geq 3\) be a square. Then \[ \sum^c_{h=1}{}'R_c(h-1)S(h,c)=\frac{\varphi^2(c)}{12}\prod_{p| c}\left(1+\frac 1p\right), \] where \(\varphi(d)\) is the Euler function. Theorem 2. Let \(c\geq 3\) be an odd square. Then \[ \sum^c_{h=1}{}'R_c(2h + 1)S_3(2h,c) =\varphi^2(c)\prod_{p| c}\left(1 +\frac1p\right). \]