Derivation invariant bilinear forms without traces (Q791617): Difference between revisions

The author considers pair algebras \(\mathcal M=(M_+,M_-)\), i.e. vector spaces \(M_\varepsilon\) over a field \(k\) together with trilinear products \((x_\varepsilon, y_\varepsilon, z_\varepsilon)\to x_\varepsilon y_{-\varepsilon}z_\varepsilon\in M_\varepsilon\) for \(x_\varepsilon,z_\varepsilon\in M_\varepsilon\), \(y_{-\varepsilon}\in M_{-\varepsilon}\). The notions of automorphisms and derivations of \(\mathcal M\) and of automorphism- resp. derivation-invariant bilinear forms are defined in the usual way. Theorem. Suppose \(\mathcal M\) is a pair algebra which satisfies the identity \[ x_\varepsilon y_{-\varepsilon}(u_\varepsilon v_\varepsilon w_\varepsilon)- u_\varepsilon v_{-\varepsilon}(x_\varepsilon y_{-\varepsilon}w_\varepsilon)=(x_\varepsilon y_{-\varepsilon}u_\varepsilon)v_{-\varepsilon}w_\varepsilon - u_\varepsilon (y_{-\varepsilon} x_\varepsilon v_{-\varepsilon}) w_\varepsilon \tag{1} \] and is spanned by elements of rank one (i.e. elements \(0\neq x\in M_\varepsilon\) such that \(xM_{-\varepsilon}x\subset kx)\). Then there are automorphism-invariant bilinear forms \(B_\varepsilon: M_\varepsilon\times M_{-\varepsilon}\to k\) with \(B_\varepsilon (_\varepsilon,y_{-\varepsilon})=B_{-\varepsilon}(y_{-\varepsilon},x_\varepsilon)\) and \(x_\varepsilon y_{-\varepsilon}x_\varepsilon=B_\varepsilon(x_\varepsilon,y_{-\varepsilon})x_\varepsilon\) for \(x_\varepsilon\) of rank one. If \(\mathrm{char}\, k=0\), then the forms \(B_\varepsilon\) are also derivation-invariant. The forms \(B_\varepsilon\) are constructed on bases of rank one elements using the relation \(x_\varepsilon y_{-\varepsilon}x_\varepsilon=B_\varepsilon (x_\varepsilon,y_{-\varepsilon})x_\varepsilon\). Examples of pair algebras satisfying (1) are Jordan structures: Jordan pairs, anti-Jordan pairs, Jordan triple systems and Jordan algebras, but also Lie structures: Lie triple systems, anti-Lie triple systems and Lie algebras. In the cases of Lie triple systems and Lie algebras the author shows that the forms \(B_\varepsilon\) are derivation-invariant even in characteristic \(\neq 2\). For Jordan triple systems the theorem has recently been generalized by \textit{K. McCrimmon} [Reduced elements in Jordan triple systems, J. Algebra 97, 540--564 (1985; Zbl 0575.17011)].