On the eigenvectors belonging to the minimum eigenvalue of an essentially nonnegative symmetric matrix with bipartite graph (Q1118004): Difference between revisions

Signs of coordinates of eigenvectors belonging to the minimum eigenvalue m(B) of an essentially nonnegative symmetric matrix B whose graph G(B) is connected and bipartite are studied. As the main result the following theorem is proved: If G(B) is connected and if \(V_ 1{\dot \cup}V_ 2\) is a proper bipartition of the vertex set of G(B), then there exists an eigenvector x belonging to m(B) such that \(x_ i>0\) for \(i\in V_ 1\) and \(x_ i<0\) for \(i\in V_ 2\). The main technique is the use of the Rayleigh-quotient characterization of m(B). Using this theorem (and 2 other propositions on essentially nonnegative symmetric n-by-n matrices) the theorem by \textit{G. Constantine} [ibid. 65, 171-178 (1985; Zbl 0584.15009)] on lower bounds on the spectra of symmetric matrices with non-negative entries is proved without the restriction \(\mu\geq 0\) and without requiring the Perron-Frobenius theory. The results by \textit{M. Fiedler} [Czech. Math. J. 25(100), 607-618 (1975; Zbl 0325.15014)] on the above matrices with acyclic graph are generalized.