Generalization of Bullen-Simpson's 3/8 inequality (Q814288): Difference between revisions

In this paper an extensive generalization of a simple quadrature formula is obtained. If \(r\geq 2\) is an even integer, \(f:[0,1]\to \mathbb R\) is \(2r\)-convex, \(f^{(2r)}\) continuous then: \[ \begin{multlined} 0\leq \int_0^1f-{1\over 8}\Bigl(f\bigl({1\over 6}\bigr)+2f\bigl({1\over 2}\bigr)+3f\bigl({5\over 6}\bigr)\Bigr)- T_{r-1}^M(f)\\\leq {1\over 8}\Bigl(f\bigl(0\bigr)+3f\bigl({1\over 3}\bigr)+3f\bigl({2\over 3}\bigr)+ f\bigl(1\bigr)\Bigr)+T_{r-1}^S(f)-\int_0^1f\end{multlined} \] where the perturbations \(T_m^M(f),\, T_m^S(f)\) are defined as follows: if \(m=0, 1\) they are zero and if \(m\geq 2\) \[ \displaylines { T_m^S(f)= {1\over 8}\sum_{k=2}^m{1\over 2k!}(1-3^{2-2k})B_{2k}\bigl(f^{(2k-1}(1)-f^{(2k-1}(0)\bigr),\cr T_m^M(f)= -{1\over 8}\sum_{k=2}^m{1\over 2k!}(1-2^{1-2k})(1-3^{2-2k})B_{2k}\bigl(f^{(2k-1}(1)-f^{(2k-1}(0)\bigr);\cr } \] here the coefficients \(B_{2k}\) are Bernoulli numbers. If \(r\) is odd the opposite inequalities hold and if \(r=2\) the result reduces to that in the title. Other interesting results are proved using the basic generalized quadrature formula obtained for the above inequality.