Set-valued dynamic systems and random iterations of set-valued weaker contractions in uniform spaces (Q2488790): Difference between revisions

Let \(X\) be a metric space or, more generally, a Hausdorff uniform space with uniformity defined by a saturated family \(\{d_s: \, s \in S\}\) of pseudometrics \(d_s\) that are uniformly continuous on \(X^2\). A \textit{set-valued dynamic system} on \(X\) is a set-valued map \(f:X \to 2^X\) with nonempty values. A point \(w \in X\) is said to be an \textit{endpoint} of \(f\) whenever \(f(w) = \{w\}\). A \textit{motion} of the system \(f\) at the point \(x^1 \in X\) is a sequence \(\{x^n\}\) defined by \(x^{n+1} \in f(x^n)\) \((n \geq 1)\). If \(f, \, f_n\) \((n \geq 1)\) are set-valued dynamic systems, a generalized sequence of iterations (of random iterations, resp.) is a sequence \((f^{[n]} = f \circ \cdots \circ f)\) (\(n\) times) (a sequence \((f_1 \circ f_2 \circ \cdots \circ f_n)\), resp.). \vskip .1cm In this paper, the authors introduce four definitions of \textit{set-valued weaker contractions} in uniform or metric spaces (all four respective families of contractions depend on a prefixed set \(M \in CB(X) := \{\)nonempty closed boun\-ded subsets of \(X\}\), and all four definitions imply a certain control of the diameters \(\delta_s(f(A))\) of \(f(A) := \bigcup_{x \in A} f(x)\) with respect to \(\delta_s(A) := \sup \{d_s(x,y): \, x,y \in A\}\), where \(A \in CB(M)\)). Conditions guaranteeing the convergence of those generalized sequences \((f^{[n]}), \,(f_1 \circ f_2 \circ \cdots \circ f_n)\), that is, the convergence of motions starting at a point of a prescribed set \(M \in CB(X)\), as well as conditions guaranteeing the existence and uniqueness of an endpoint of \(f\), where \(f,f_n \, (n \geq 1)\) are set-valued weaker contractions, are established. Their results are new generalizations of the Banach contraction principle, and they are new even for single valued maps in uniform, locally convex and metric spaces. Several examples of weaker contractions which are not generalized contractions on metric spaces, in the sense of Tarafdar and Vyborny, are provided. In particular, in this paper, a 1999 result due to Yuan is extended about the existence of unique endpoints and the existence of limits of motions for generalized contractions.