On the classification of automorphic products and generalized Kac-Moody algebras (Q2494170): Difference between revisions

Borcherds constructed a map from vector valued modular forms for \(\text{SL}_2({\mathbb Z})\) to automorphic forms on orthogonal groups. Since these automorphic forms can be written as infinite products they are called automorphic products. Let \(L\) be an even lattice of signature \((n,2)\) and \(F\) a vector valued modular form for the Weil representations on \(L\) of weight \(1-n/2\). It is considered the automorphic product \(\Psi\) associated to \(F\). Assume that \(F\) is reflective, i.e. is allowed to have only special singularities. This implies that the divisors of \(\Psi\) are orthogonal to roots, so that the Weyl chambers of \(\Psi\) are Weyl chambers of a reflection group, and are zeros of order 1, so that they correspond to real roots of a generalized Kac-Moody algebra. By pairing \(F\) with the Eisenstein series of weight \(1+n/2\) for the dual Weyl representation it is obtained a modular function of weight 2 with a pole at \(\infty\). By the residue theorem the constant coefficient in the Fourier expansion of the function has to vanish. This is the equation which is used for classification. The argument works for arbitrary lattices. The author restricts himself to lattices of squarefree level because there are explicit formulas for the Weil representations and its Eisenstein series only in this case. It is proved that there are only finitely many automorphic products of singular weight which are symmetric and reflective on lattices of signature \((n,2)\) with \(n>2\), squarefree level and \(p\)-ranks at most \(n+1\). In the prime level case they all correspond to automorphisms of the Leech lattice of prime order with nontrivial fixpoint lattice. For each element of squarefree order in the Mathieu group \(M_{23}\) there is a generalized Kac-Moody algebra similar to the fake monster algebra. It is shown that these 10 Lie algebras are unique in the following sense. Let \(L\) be an even lattice of signature \((n,2)\) with \(n>2\) and squarefree level \(N\). Suppose \(L\) splits \(\text{II}_{1,1} \oplus \text{II}_{1,1}(N)\). Let \(G\) be a real generalized Kac-Moody algebra whose denominator identity is a completely reflective automorphic product of singular weight on \(L\). Then \(G\) corresponds to an element of order \(N\) in \(M_{23}\).