Nonparabolic asymptotic limits of solutions of the heat equation on \({\mathbb{R}}^N\) (Q2465123): Difference between revisions

In this paper, the long time behaviour of solutions of the heat equation \(u_t=\Delta u= 0\) in \(\mathbb{R}^N\) with respect to nonparabolic rescalings is studied. More precisely, the purpose of the paper is to investigate limits of \(t^{{\mu\over 2}} u(t,x\cdot t^\beta)\) along sequences \(t_n\to\infty\), where \(u\) is a solution of the heat equation and \(\beta> 0\), \(\beta\neq{1\over 2}\) and \(\mu>0\). These limits are with respect to the uniform topology on \(\mathbb{R}^N\), which is the natural one to use because of the smoothing effect of the heat semigroup. Denote by \((e^{t\Delta})_{t\geq 0}\) the heat semigroup on \(\mathbb{R}^N\) given by: \[ u(t, x)= e^{t\Delta} u_0(x)= (4\pi t)^{-{N\over 2}} \int_{\mathbb{R}^N} e^{{-|x- y|^2\over 4t}} u_0(y)\,dy \] for \(u_0\in C_0(\mathbb{R}^N)\) and \(t> 0\). Define \[ \omega^{\mu,\beta}(u_0)=\{f\in C_0(\mathbb{R}^N): \exists t_n\to\infty\text{ s.t. }t^{{\mu\over 2}}_n u(t_n,x\cdot t^\beta_n)@>>n\to\infty> f\text{ in }L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^N)\}. \] Denote by \(\gamma^{\mu,\beta}(u_0)\) the set of all \(h\in C((0,\infty),C_0(\mathbb R^N))\) such that there exists a sequence \(\lambda_n\to \infty\) such that \[ \lambda^\mu_n u(\lambda^2_n t,x\cdot\lambda^{2\beta}_n)@>>n\to\infty> h\text{ in }L^\infty((\varepsilon, T)\times \mathbb{R}^N) \text{ for all }0< \varepsilon< T< \infty. \] There is shown that if \(0<\beta<{1\over 2}\), then \(\gamma^{\mu,\beta}(u_0)\) is either empty or trivial and likely \(\omega^{\mu,\beta}(u_0)\) is either empty or trivial. In the case \(\beta>{1\over 2}\) initial values \(u_0\in C_0(\mathbb{R}^N)\) are constructed for which \(\gamma^{\mu,\beta}(u_0)\) and \(\omega^{\mu,\beta}(u_0)\) are nontrivial for some values of \(\mu> 0\) and \(\beta>{1\over 2}\). On the end the analogous result is shown for the nonlinear equation \(u_t-\Delta u+|u|^\alpha\cdot u= 0\) in \(\mathbb{R}^N\), where \(\alpha> 0\).