\(\theta\)-pairs for 2-maximal subgroups of finite groups. (Q1042462): Difference between revisions

Let \(G\) be a finite group. The pair \((A,B)\) of subgroups is said to be a \(\theta\)-pair for the subgroup \(H\) if \(H\) and \(A\) generate the group \(G\), \(B=(A\cap H)_G\) and if \(A_1/B\) is a proper subgroup of \(A/B\) and normal in \(G/B\) then \(\langle H,A_1\rangle\) is a proper subgroup of \(G\). This concept was introduced by \textit{X. Li, S. Li}, [Sib. Mat. Zh. 45, No. 3, 676-681 (2004); translation in Sib. Math. J. 45, No. 3, 557-561 (2004; Zbl 1079.20032)], motivated by the former concept of a \(\theta\)-pair for maximal subgroups. The authors, after giving several properties of \(\theta\)-pairs of independent interest, examine characterizations of solvability and \(\pi\)-solvability. A sample result: the group \(G\) is solvable if and only if there exists a normal \(\theta\)-pair \((C,D)\) such that \(C/D\) is solvable for each 2-maximal subgroup of \(G\). Furthermore, they study the influence of \(\theta\)-pairs for 2-maximal subgroups on supersolvability, the main result in this direction is that the group \(G\) is supersolvable if and only if there exists a maximal \(\theta\)-pair \((C,H_G)\) such that the hyperquasicenter of \(G/H_G\) is nontrivial for each 2-maximal subgroup \(H\). Finally, the relationship of \(\theta\)-pairs and the Sylow-tower property is discussed.