Semilinear differential inclusions via weak topologies (Q972464): Difference between revisions

The authors consider the existence of solutions to the semilinear problem \[ x^{\prime } \in A(t,x)x + F(t,x)\text{ for a.a. }t \in [a,b],\;x(a)=x_{0}, \] where for each \((t,x)\in [ a,b]\times E\), \(A(t,x)\) is a bounded linear operator mapping \(E\) into \(E\), \(E\) is a reflexive, separable Banach space and \(F\) is a multivalued function on \([a,b]\times E\). In each of the theorems, it is assumed that \(A\) is measurable for almost all \(x\) and continuous for all \(t\), and \(F\) has nonempty, closed, bounded and convex values, and is weakly upper semicontinuous for almost all \(t\) and measurable. Theorem 4.1 also assumes for each bounded \(\Omega \subseteq E\), the existence of a \(\mu _{\Omega }\in L^{p}\) such that \(\left\| A(t,x)\right\| \leq \mu _{\Omega }(t)\) and \(\left\| F(t,x)\right\| \leq \mu _{\Omega }(t)\) for a.e. \(t\) and all \(x\in \Omega \) and proves local existence of a solution in the Sobolev space \(W^{1,p}([a,b],\mathbb{R})\) with \(1<p<\infty \) by applying the Ky Fan fixed point theorem. Theorem 4.2 assumes that \(A\) is integrably bounded in \(L^{p}\) uniformly in \(x\) and \(F\) grows at most linearly in \(x\) and applies the Ky Fan theorem to verify global existence. Theorem 4.3 assumes that \(A\) and \(F\) are integrably bounded on a weakly open set in \(E\) and proves global existence using a continuation theorem from [\textit{J. Andres} and \textit{L. Górniewicz}, Topological Fixed Point Principles for Boundary Value Problems. Topological Fixed Point Theory and its Applications. 1. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers (2003; Zbl 1029.55002)]. Theorem 4.4 shows that under the assumptions of Theorem 4.1, and also assuming that for a.e. \(t\), \(F(t,\cdot )\) maps bounded sets into relatively compact sets and the existence of a Lyapunov function, there is a global solution. This theorem is proven in two cases, one of which uses the Ky Fan theorem and the other uses the continuation theorem mentioned above. Under the assumptions of Theorem 4.4, plus a slightly stronger assumption on the Lyapunov function, it is proven that the solution set is weakly compact. Two examples are given to illustrate Theorems 4.3 and 4.4. The authors note that, unlike their results, many theorems in the literature do not allow superlinear growth and/or require the use of a measure of noncompactness.