Inverse relations and the products of Bernoulli polynomials (Q1959720): Difference between revisions

In this article, the authors obtain two inverse pairs of identities involving the Bernoulli polynomials and the Bernoulli polynomials of the second kind. More precisely, the following are given: Theorem 1. For \(y=x_1+x_2+\cdots +x_N\) and \(n\geq N\), \[ \begin{multlined} \sum_{k_1+\cdots+k_N=n, k_1,\dots,k_N\geq 0}{n \choose {k_1,\dots,k_n}}B_{k_1}(x_1)\cdots B_{k_N}(x_N)=(-1)^{N-1}N{n \choose N}\\ \times \sum_{j=0}^{N-1}(-1)^j\frac{B_{n-j}(y)}{n-j}\sum_{k=0}^j{{N+k-j-1} \choose k}s(N,N-j+k)y^k,\end{multlined} \] and for \(n\geq N+1\), \[ \begin{multlined} (n-N)\sum_{k=0}^{N}{N \choose k}(-y)^k \frac{B_{n-k}(y)}{n-k}=(-1)^N\sum_{k=0}^N{{n-N+k} \choose k}^{-1}S(N+1,k+1)\\ \times \sum_{l_0+\cdots + l_k=n-N+k,l_0,\dots,l_k\geq 0}{{n-N+k} \choose {l_0,\dots,l_k}}B_{l_0}(y-\sum_{i=1}^k x_i)\prod_{i=1}^kB_{l_i}(x_i),\end{multlined} \] where \(s(n,k)\) and \(S(n,k)\) are the Stirling numbers of the first kind and the second kind, respectively. Also similar identities for the Bernoulli polynomials of the second kind are given as Theorem 2.