Maps admitting trialities but not dualities (Q709251): Difference between revisions

\textit{S. E. Wilson} [``Operators over regular maps,'' Pac. J. Math. 81, 559--568 (1979; Zbl 0433.05021)] introduced a group \(\Sigma\) of six operations on regular maps, isomorphic to the symmetric group \(S_3\). The group \(\Sigma\) contains the duality operation \(D\), transposing vertices and faces, and the Petrie duality \(P\), transposing faces and Petrie polygons. These two operations have order \(2\), and they generate the group \(\Sigma\). The remaining elements of \(\Sigma\) are the `opposite' operations \(DPD = PDP\), which is a duality transposing vertices and Petrie polygons, and two mutually inverse operations \(DP\) and \(PD\) of order \(3\), called trialities, each permuting vertices, faces and Petrie polygons in a cycle of length \(3\). The authors use group theory to construct infinite families of maps on surfaces which are invariant under Wilson's map operations of order \(3\) but not under the operations of order \(2\).