Uniform continuity, uniform convergence, and shields (Q618889): Difference between revisions

The authors study uniform continuity and uniform convergence in metric spaces using the notion of shields. A superset \(A_1\) of a nonempty subset \(A\) in a metric space \((X,d)\) is called a shield for \(A\) if \(C\cap A_1=\emptyset\) and \(C\) is closed in \(X\) imply that \(C\cap A{^\epsilon}=\emptyset\) for some \(\epsilon > 0\), where \(A{^\epsilon}= \{x\in X: d(x, A) < \epsilon\}\). A family \(\mathcal A\) of nonempty subsets of \((X, d)\) is said to be shielded from closed sets if each \(A \in \mathcal A\) has a shield in \(\mathcal A\). In this paper, a characterization of \(UC\) subsets of \(X\) is given in terms of shields; a nonempty subset \(A\) of \((X, d)\) is called a \(UC\) subset if \(\{a_n\}\subseteq A\) and lim \(_{n \rightarrow \infty}I(a_n)=0\) imply that \(\{a_n\}\) has a cluster point in \(X\) where \(I : X \rightarrow [0, \infty)\) is defined by \(I(x)= d(x, X\setminus\{x\})\). A bornology \(\mathcal B\) in \(X\) is a cover of \(X\) by nonempty subsets that also forms an ideal. A base for a bornology \(\mathcal B\) is a subfamily \(\mathcal B_0\) such that each member of \(\mathcal B\) is a subset of some member in \(\mathcal B_0\). It is proved that for a bornology \(\mathcal B\) in \(X\), the topology \(\mathcal T {_\mathcal B}\) of uniform convergence and the topology \(\mathcal T{^s_\mathcal B}\) of strong uniform convergence on \(Y ^ X\) agree on \(\mathcal C (X, Y)\) if and only if the bornology with base \(\{cl(B): B \in \mathcal B\}\) is shielded from closed sets where \(\mathcal C (X, Y)\) denotes the family of all continuous functions from \(X\) to another metric space \(Y\). The completeness of a metric space is characterized by \(\mathcal B^{tb} (X)\), the bornology of all totally bounded subsets of \(X\) and also, it is shown that a normed linear space \(X\) is a Banach space if and only if \(\mathcal B^{tb} (X)\) is shielded from closed sets. In an earlier paper [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 350, No. 2, 568--589 (2009; Zbl 1161.54003)] the authors extended the classical notion of oscillation \(\omega(f, x)\) of a function \(f : X \rightarrow Y\) between metric spaces at a point \(x \in X\) and introduced the oscillation \(\Omega (f, C)\) of \(f\) at \(C\), \(C\) being a nonempty subset of \(X\). In this paper, the authors use bornology and shields to study when \((f, C) \rightarrow \Omega(f, C)\) is jointly upper semicontinuous with suitable topologies. Shields are also used in the study of hyperspace topologies.