Second order perturbation theory for embedded eigenvalues (Q635836): Difference between revisions

The paper under review studies second order perturbation theory for embedded eigenvalues of an abstract class of selfadjoint operators. As noted well at the beginning of its introduction, when dealing with unperturbed eigenvalues embedded in the continuous spectrum, there are two methods. One is a method based on analytic deformation techniques and giving rise to a notion of resonances, which was initiated by Aiguilar-Combes and Balslev-Combes and later further extended by others. The other is based on Mourre's commutator method. It is the second approach that the authors made in this paper with an abstract framework. They mainly make two conditions. The first condition is to able to use the Mourre theory, not only the usual \textit{regular Mourre theory}, but also its extended version called \textit{singular Mourre theory}, which is effective even in the situation where the first commutator of the Hamiltonian with the chosen ``conjugate operator'' is not well controlled by the Hamiltonian itself. The second condition concerns regularity of bound states with respect to a conjugate operator. Related results are also discussed in details in their companion paper, ``Regularity of bound states'' [Rev. Math. Phys. 23, No.~5, 453--530 (2011; Zbl 1226.81295)]. The first of the paper's two main results is upper semicontinuity of the point spectrum under perturbation. Namely, if \(\lambda\) is an unperturbed eigenvalue of the Hamiltonian \(H\), then the total multiplicity of the (perturbed) eigenvalues, near \(\lambda\), of the Hamiltonian \(H+V\) perturbed by any potential \(V\) which is \(H\)-bounded with relative bound \(<1\) and satisfies some further condition, cannot exceed the multiplicity of \(\lambda\). The second main result is absence of eigenvalues of \(H_{\sigma} :=H+\sigma V\) for small non-vanishing \(|\sigma|\) and for any potential \(V\) satisfying a certain condition similar to the one just above, so that the Fermi Golden Rule criterion holds. The authors emphasize that, as the imposed conditions turn out to be more general, this improves the previous results by \textit{S. Agmon, I. Herbst} and \textit{E. Skibsted} [Commun. Math. Phys. 122, No.~3, 411--438 (1989; Zbl 0668.35078)], \textit{W. Hunziker} and \textit{I. M. Sigal} [J. Math. Phys. 41, No.~6, 3448--3510 (2000; Zbl 0981.81026)], \textit{L. Cattaneo} [Bull. Sci. Math. 129, 591--614 (2005; Zbl 1080.81009)], \textit{L. Cattaneo, G. M. Graf} and \textit{W. Hunziker} [Ann. H. Poincaré 7, No.~3, 583--601 (2006; Zbl 1093.81023)], \textit{S. Golénia} and \textit{T. Jecko} [Complex Anal. Oper. Theory 1, No.~3, 399--422 (2007; Zbl 1167.47010)]. The results apply to massless Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonians for arbitrary coupling. The paper is an elaborated work, providing for the imposed conditions, though their description is rather intricate to follow probably because of the abstract setting used.