KAM for the quantum harmonic oscillator (Q644758): Difference between revisions

The authors prove an abstract KAM theorem for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. The phase space is (for an appropriate \(p>0\)) \(\mathbb{T}^n\times\mathbb{R}^n\times l^2_p\times l^2_p\), where \[ l^2_p= \Biggl\{u\in\mathbb{R}^{\mathbb{N}^*}: \sum_{j\geq 1} j^{2p}|u_j|^2< \infty\Biggr\}, \] endowed with the symplectic form \[ \sum_{1\leq j\leq n} d\theta_j\wedge dy_j+ \sum_{j\geq 1} du_j\wedge dv_j. \] The authors consider Hamiltonian maps of the form \(H(\theta,y,u,v)= N+ P\), with \[ N= \sum^n_{j=1} \omega_j(\xi) y_j+ {1\over 2} \sum_{j\geq 1} \Omega_j(\xi) (u^2_j+ v^2_j). \] Here \(\xi\) is an external parameter belonging to some domain \(\Pi\) of \(\mathbb{R}^n\). \(P\) is a small real analytic perturbation and the associated Hamiltonian field \(X_P\) sends \(\mathbb{T}^n\times \mathbb{R}^n\times l^2_p\times l^2_p\) into \(\mathbb{R}^n\times \mathbb{R}^n\times l^2_q\times l^2_q\) for some \(q\geq p\). The \(n\)-dimensional torus \({\mathcal T}\) defined by \(y= 0\), \(u= v= 0\) is invariant and linearly stable for the integrable Hamiltonian flow associated to the normal form \(N\) and the question is whether there is persistence, for most \(\xi\), of such an invariant torus (close to \({\mathcal T}\)) for the perturbed Hamiltonian \(N+P\). The authors are interested in the case when the normal frequencies \(\Omega_j(\xi)\sim C_j\) grow linearly. Moreover, it is assumed that \(\omega(\xi)\) and \(\Omega(\xi)\) satisfy standard non-degeneracy and non-resonance (Melnikov type) conditions. In this situation, previous results, obtained by \textit{S. B. Kuksin} [Nearly integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. 1556. Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1993; Zbl 0784.58028)] and \textit{J. Pöschel} [Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa, Cl. Sci., IV. Ser. 23, No. 1, 119--148 (1996; Zbl 0870.34060)], require \(p< q\), i.e., a smoothing effect for \(X_P\). Dealing with the non smoothing case \(q= p\), the authors prove the persistence of invariant tori, under some condition on the decay of the derivatives of \(P\), in the spirit of the Toeplitz-Lipschitz condition introduced by \textit{L. H. Eliasson} and \textit{S. B. Kuksin} [Ann. Math. (2) 172, No. 1, 371--435 (2010; Zbl 1201.35177)]. This abstract result can be applied to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation \[ i\partial_t u+ \partial^2_x u- x^2 u-\nu V(x)= \varepsilon|u|^{2m} u,\qquad(t,x)\in \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}, \] for which the authors prove that for ``typical'' potential \(V\) and \(\varepsilon\) small, there are many quasi-periodic solutions. In a related application, the authors consider a potential \(V: \mathbb{T}^n\times\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}\) depending analytically on \(\theta\in\mathbb{T}^n\), decaying as some negative power of \(x\) and with bounded first and second derivatives with respect to \(x\). They prove that for \(\varepsilon\geq 0\) small enough, the linear Schrödinger equation \[ i\partial_t u+ \partial^2_x u- x^2 u-\varepsilon V\,(t\omega, x)u= 0 \] is reducible, for most \(\omega\), to a linear equation with constant coefficients with respect to the time variable.