On the theory of \(\mathfrak F\)-centrality of chief factors and \(\mathfrak F\)-hypercentre for Fitting classes. (Q765724): Difference between revisions

The aim of this paper is to present a dualisation of the centrality associated to saturated formations to local Fitting classes in the scope of finite groups. A function which associates to each prime a (possibly empty) Fitting class is called a Hartley class or an \(H\)-function. If \(\pi\) is the support of \(f\), that is, the set of all primes for which \(f(p)\neq\emptyset\), \(\text{LR}(f)={\mathfrak S}_p\cap\bigl(\bigcap_{p\in\pi}f(p){\mathfrak N}_p\mathfrak{S}_{p'}\bigr)\). A Fitting class \(\mathfrak F\) is said to be local when \(\mathfrak F=\text{LR}(f)\) for an \(H\)-function~\(f\). A \(p\)-chief factor \(H/K\) of \(G\) is said to be \(f\)-central for a prime \(p\) and an \(H\)-function \(f\) if \(G_{f(p)\mathfrak N_p}\) covers \(H/K\), otherwise it is said to be \(f\)-eccentric. This definition depends on the choice of the \(H\)-function defining the local Fitting class \(\mathfrak F\), but it does not for integrated \(H\)-functions defining the same local Fitting class (Theorem~3.5). As a consequence, for a local Fitting class \(\mathfrak F\) defined by \(f\), \(G\in\mathfrak F\) if and only if every chief factor of \(G\) is \(f\)-central. Consider a local Fitting class \(\mathfrak F\). If \(L\) is a normal subgroup of \(G\), the factor group \(G/L\) is said to be \(\mathfrak F\)-hypercentral in \(G\) if there exists a series \(L=L_0\triangleleft L_1\triangleleft\cdots\triangleleft L_k=G\) such that every factor \(L_{i+1}/L_i\) is a central \(G\)-chief factor of \(G\) for all \(i\in\{0,1,\dots,k-1\}\). The intersection of all normal subgroups \(K\) such that \(G/K\) is \(\mathfrak F\)-hypercentral is called the \(\mathfrak F\)-hypercentre of \(G\), denoted by \(Z^{\mathfrak F}(G)\). Some properties of this hypercentre are defined, but in general \(G/Z^{\mathfrak F}(G)\) is not \(\mathfrak F\)-hypercentral. For local Fitting classes which are also local formations, both hypercentres do not coincide in general. The problem of checking whether every \(\mathfrak F\)-injector of \(G\) covers each \(\mathfrak F\)-central chief factor of \(G\) and avoids each \(\mathfrak F\)-eccentric chief factor of \(G\) has an affirmative answer if \(\mathfrak F=\text{LR}(f)\) for an invariable \(H\)-function \(f\), that is, \(f(p)=f(q)\) for all \(p,q\in\pi=\text{Supp}(f)\) (Theorem~5.4). Finally, the problem of checking whether a local Fitting class \(\mathfrak F=\text{LR}(F)\), with \(F\) a full and integrated \(H\)-function, can be defined by a local function \(f\) such that the value \(f(p)\) is not necessarily a Fitting class is solved in the affirmative for some \(S_n\)-closed local functions \(f\) (where the classes \(f(p)\) are closed under taking normal subgroups) such that \(f\) is neither integrated nor an \(H\)-function in general, where \[ f(p)=(G\mid G_{F(p)}\text{ covers every \(\mathfrak F\)-central chief factor of }G) \] if \(p\in\text{Supp}(F)\), and \(f(p)=\emptyset\) otherwise (Theorem~6.2).