Symmetries on bounded observables: a unified approach based on adjacency preserving maps (Q421095): Difference between revisions

Let \(H\) be a complex Hilbert space, \(\dim H\geq 2\), and \(S(H)\) the real-linear space of all self-adjoint bounded linear operators on \(H\). \(S_F(H)^{\geq 0}\) means ``with finite rank, and positive'', and \(S_F(H)^{>0}\) means ``invertible positive''. \(A,B\in{\mathcal V}\) are adjacent, \(A\sim B\), if \(B-A\) is a rank one operator. A map \(\phi:{\mathcal V}\to{\mathcal V}\) preserves adjacency, if \(A\sim B\to\phi(A)\sim\phi(B)\). Every \(A\in S_F(H)\) can be written as \(A=\sum_{j=1\sim k}t_j x_j\otimes x^*_j\), \((x\otimes x^*)z=\langle z,x\rangle x\) for \(z\in H\). Theorem 1. Suppose that \(\phi:S_F(H)^{\geq 0}\to S_F(H)^{\geq 0}\) is a bijective map preserving adjacency in both directions. Then there exists a bijective linear or conjugate-linear map \(T:H\to H\) such that \[ \phi\Biggl(\sum_{j=1\sim k} t_jx_j\otimes x^*_j\Biggr)= \sum_{j=1\sim k} t_j(Tx_j)\otimes (Tx_j)^* \] for every \(\sum_{j=1\sim k}t_jx_j\otimes x^*_j\in S_F(H)^{\geq 0}\). The author aims to apply Theorem 1 to describe the general form of symmetries (automorphisms) on \(S(H)\), \(S(H)^{\geq 0}\), \(S(H)^{>0}\). For \(A,B\in S(H)^{\geq 0}\), \(A\#B= \max\{X\geq 0:\begin{pmatrix} A & X\\ X & B\end{pmatrix}\geq 0\}\). \(A\#B= A^{1/2}(A^{-1/2} BA^{-1/2})^{1/2} A^{1/2}\) for invertible \(A\). Theorem 2. Suppose that to bijective map \(\phi: S_F(H)^{\geq 0}\to S_F(H)^{\geq 0}\) satisfies \(\phi(A\# B)=\phi(A)\#(B)\) for every pair \(A,B\in S_F(H)^{\geq 0}\). Then there exists an invertible bounded linear or conjugate-linear operator \(T: H\to H\) such that \(\phi(A)= TAT^*\) for every \(A\in S(H)^{\geq 0}\).