Poincaré series of the multigraded algebras of \(\mathrm{SL}_2\)-invariants (Q1759951): Difference between revisions

Let \(V_d\) be the complex vector space of binary forms of degree \(d\) with the canonical action of the special linear group \(\mathrm{SL}_2=\mathrm{SL}_2({\mathbb C})\), and let \(V_{\mathbf{d}}=V_{d_1}\oplus \cdots\oplus V_{d_n}\). The action of \(\mathrm{SL}_2\) is extended to an action on the coordinate algebras \({\mathbb C}[V_{\mathbf{d}}]\) and \({\mathbb C}[V_{\mathbf{d}}\oplus{\mathbb C}^2]\). The algebras \({\mathcal I}_{\mathbf{d}}={\mathbb C}[V_{\mathbf{d}}]^{\mathrm{SL}_2}\) and \({\mathcal C}_{\mathbf{d}}={\mathbb C}[V_{\mathbf{d}}\oplus{\mathbb C}^2]^{\mathrm{SL}_2}\) are known, respectively, as the algebras of joint invariants and joint covariants of \(n\) binary forms of degrees \(d_1,\ldots,d_n\). They are among the most intensively studied objects in classical invariant theory of the 19th century. The algebra \({\mathbb C}[V_{\mathbf{d}}\oplus{\mathbb C}^2]\) is \({\mathbb Z}^{n+1}\)-multigraded in a natural way assuming that the elements of \(V_{d_1},\ldots,V_{d_n}\) and \({\mathbb C}^2\) are of degree \((1,0,\ldots,0,0),\ldots,(0,0,\ldots,1,0),(0,0,\ldots,0,1)\), respectively. The algebras \({\mathcal I}_{\mathbf{d}}\) and \({\mathcal C}_{\mathbf{d}}\) are graded subalgebras of \({\mathbb C}[V_{\mathbf{d}}\oplus{\mathbb C}^2]\). In the paper under review the author establishes formulas for the Poincaré (or the Hilbert) series \({\mathcal P}({\mathcal C}_{\mathbf{d}},z_1,\ldots,z_n,t)\) and \({\mathcal P}({\mathcal I}_{\mathbf{d}},z_1,\ldots,z_n,t)\) which count the dimensions of the multihomogeneous components of the algebras. First he presents an analogue of the classical Cayley-Sylvester formula which expresses the dimensions of the multihomogeneous components in terms of the number of solutions in nonnegative integers of a system of linear equations. Then the author gives an analogue of the Springer-Brion formula to express the Poincaré sereis as a formal power series. To compute the series the author uses the MacMahon partition analysis (or \(\Omega\)-calculus). The author has also developed a special Maple package (available online) for explicit computations.