Li-Yorke chaos of backward shift operators on Köthe sequence spaces (Q390803): Difference between revisions

Let \((X,f)\) be a dynamical system on a complete metric space \((X,d)\), where \(f: X\to X\) is continuous. A pair of points \(x,y\in X\) is called a Li-Yorke pair if for some \(\theta >0\), \[ \liminf_{n\to\infty}\,d(f^n(x), f^n(y))= 0\text{ and }\limsup_{n\to\infty} d(f^n(x), f^n(y))\geq \theta . \] The system is called Li-Yorke chaotic if for some uncountable subset \(F\subseteq X\) every pair of distinct points from \(F\) is Li-Yorke. An infinite matrix \(A=(a_{jk})_{j,k\in\mathbb{N}}\) is called a Köthe matrix if for each \(j\) there is some \(k\) with \(a_{jk}>0\) and \(0\leq a_{jk}\leq a_{j(k+1)}\) for all \(j,k\in\mathbb{N}\). If \(x\in\mathbb{R}^{\mathbb{N}}\) is a sequence: \(x= (x_1,x_2,x_3,\dots)\) the backward shift \(B: \mathbb{R}^{\mathbb{N}}\to \mathbb{R}^{\mathbb{N}}\) is defined as \(B(x_1,x_2,x_3,\dots)= (x_2,x_3,x_4,\dots)\). For \(1\leq p<\infty\) and a Köthe matrix \(A\) there is associated the Köthe sequence space \(\lambda_p(A)\) defined by \[ \lambda_p(A)= \Biggl\{x\in \mathbb{R}^{\mathbb{N}}:\| x\|_k= \Biggl(\sum^\infty_{j=1} |x_j a_{jk}|^p\Biggr)^{{1\over p}}< \infty\text{ for all }k\in\mathbb{N}\Biggr\}. \] \(\lambda_p(A)\) is a complete metric space with the metric \(d(x,y)\) defined by \[ \sum^\infty_{n=1} {1\over 2^n} {\| x-y\|_n\over 1+\| x-y\|_n}. \] Among other results obtained the authors prove that if the matrix \(A\) satisfies the condition \(\forall n\in\mathbb{N}\), \(\exists m>n\) with \(\sup_{j\in\mathbb{N}} |{a_{jn}\over a_{(j+1)m}}|<\infty\), then the following statements are equivalent for the system \((\lambda_p(A),B)\): (a) There exists a pair \(x,y\in\lambda_p(A)\) such that \(\limsup_{n\to\infty} d(B^n(x),B^n(y))> 0\). (b) \(B\) admits a Li-Yorke pair. (c) \(B\) admits a Li-Yorke chaos.