Green's conjecture for curves on rational surfaces with an anticanonical pencil (Q2435090): Difference between revisions

Let \(L\) be an ample line bundle on a complex projective variety \(X\) and \(\widetilde X\) be the image of \(X\) (under the morphism associated to \(L\)) in the projective space \(\mathbb P(H^0(X,L)^ \vee)\), whose homogeneous coordinate is \(S:=\mathrm{Sym} H^0(X,L)\). Setting \(R(X):= \bigoplus_m H^0(X,L^m)\), consider a minimal graded resolution \[ 0 \rightarrow E_s \rightarrow \cdots E_1 \rightarrow E_0 \rightarrow R(X) \rightarrow 0 \] where each term is of the form \(E_k = \bigoplus_{i \geq k} \, S(-i-1)^{\beta_{k,i}}\). Whether in each \(E_k\) there are summands in some degree \(i>k\) or not is a classical problem, with clear geometric meaning in the first levels. Namely, if \(\widetilde X\) is projectively normal, then \(E_0=S\). In particular, \(R(X)= S/I(\widetilde X)\). If, moreover, \(E_1 = S(-2)^{\beta_{1,1}}\), then the ideal \(I(\widetilde X)\) of the projective variety \(\widetilde X\) is generated by quadrics. In the literature, the first property is denoted by \((N_0)\), the second one by \((N_1)\) and, in general, the property \((N_p)\) is stated as follows, where the last equivalence has been proved to express the property in terms of the Koszul cohomology groups \(K_{p,q}(X,L)\), one of the most used tools in affording this study (see [\textit{M. L. Green}, J. Differ. Geom. 19, 125--167, 168--171 (1984; Zbl 0559.14008)]): \[ \begin{align*}{ (N_p) & \iff E_0=S \; \text{and} \; E_k = S(-k-1)^{\beta_{k,k}} ,\; \text{for each} \; k \le p \cr &\iff K_{i,q}(X,L) =0, \; \text{for each} \; i \le p, q \ge 2.}\end{align*} \] When \(X\) is a curve and \(L\) is its canonical sheaf \(\omega_X\), the characterizations of \((N_0)\) and \((N_1)\) are classical results: \((N_0)\) holds if and only if \(X\) is not hyperelliptic (Max Noether Theorem), while \((N_1)\) holds if and only if \(X\) is not trigonal, nor a plane quintic (Enriques--Babbage Theorem). The famous Green's Conjecture for canonical curves claims that \[ (N_p) (\text{ or equivalently } K_{p,2}(X, \omega_X) =0) \text{ holds if and only if } p <c \] where \(c= \mathrm{Cliff}(X):= \min \{\deg D -2 h^0(X, {\mathcal O}_X(D)), \; \text{where }D\) is a special divisor