Pseudo-differential operators on fractals and other metric measure spaces (Q2436054): Difference between revisions

Pseudo-differential operators on a metric space \(X\) with a Borel measure \(\mu\) and a negative Laplacian \(\Delta\) are defined and studied. One assumes that the measure \(\mu\) satisfies the doubling condition \(\mu(B(x,2r)) \leq C\mu(B(x,r)), \forall x \in X, \forall r>0\), for some positive constant \(C\) and that the heat operator \(e^{t\Delta}\) has a positive kernel which satisfies a sub-Gaussian estimate. Examples of such spaces are post-critically finite (p.c.f.) self-similar sets \(K\) and Sierpinski carpets. The obtained results can be extended to products of fractals, compact fractafolds without boundary based on \(K\) and blow-ups of a p.c.f. \(K\). The main part of the paper is devoted to the study of pseudo-differential operators with constant coefficients with symbols \(p \in S^{m}\): \(p \in C^{\infty}((0,\infty))\) and \(\forall k \geq 0, \exists C_{k}>0\) such that \( | (\lambda(d/d\lambda))^{k} p(\lambda) | \leq C_{k}(1+ \lambda)^{m/(d+1)}, \forall \lambda >0\). The constant \(d\) depends on \(X\). For \(p\) bounded one defines a pseudo-differential operator \(p(-\Delta)u = \int^{\infty}_{0} p(\lambda) \,dP(\lambda)u\), \(P(\lambda)\) being the spectral resolution of \(-\Delta\). If \(p \in S^{m}\), then \(p(-\Delta) = (I- \Delta)^{-m/(d+1)} q(-\Delta)\), \(q\) bounded. One proves that the composition of two pseudo-differential operators is a pseudo-differential operator, that if \(p\) is a symbol of order \(0\), then \(p(-\Delta)\) is a Calderón-Zygmund operator, and that \(p(-\Delta)\) is a pseudo-local operator. Sobolev spaces, elliptic, hypoelliptic, and quasi-elliptic operators are studied. The study of wavefront sets and microlocal analysis on p.c.f. fractals are initiated. Finally, one introduces more general pseudo-differential operators, with \(\rho-\)type symbols, \(\rho \in [0,1]\), \( | (\lambda^{\rho}(d/d\lambda))^{k} p(\lambda) | \leq C_{k}(\rho) (1+ \lambda)^{m/(d+1)}, \forall \lambda >0\) and operators with variable coefficients also.